diff --git a/tests/compile/__init__.py b/tests/compile/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..e69de29b
diff --git a/tests/compile/test_batch_transfer_protocol.py b/tests/compile/test_batch_transfer_protocol.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..df32f954
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/compile/test_batch_transfer_protocol.py
@@ -0,0 +1,296 @@
+"""
+批量转运编译器测试
+
+覆盖：单物料退化、刚好一批、多批次、空操作、AGV 配置发现、children dict 状态。
+"""
+
+import pytest
+import networkx as nx
+
+from unilabos.compile.batch_transfer_protocol import generate_batch_transfer_protocol
+from unilabos.compile.agv_transfer_protocol import generate_agv_transfer_protocol
+from unilabos.compile._agv_utils import find_agv_config, get_agv_capacity, split_batches
+
+
+# ============ 构建测试用设备图 ============
+
+def _make_graph(capacity_x=2, capacity_y=1, capacity_z=1):
+    """构建包含 AGV 节点的测试设备图"""
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+
+    # AGV 节点
+    G.add_node("AGV", **{
+        "type": "device",
+        "class_": "agv_transport_station",
+        "config": {
+            "protocol_type": ["AGVTransferProtocol", "BatchTransferProtocol"],
+            "device_roles": {
+                "navigator": "zhixing_agv",
+                "arm": "zhixing_ur_arm"
+            },
+            "route_table": {
+                "StationA->StationB": {
+                    "nav_command": '{"target": "LM1"}',
+                    "arm_pick": '{"task_name": "pick.urp"}',
+                    "arm_place": '{"task_name": "place.urp"}'
+                },
+                "AGV->StationA": {
+                    "nav_command": '{"target": "LM1"}',
+                    "arm_pick": '{"task_name": "pick.urp"}',
+                    "arm_place": '{"task_name": "place.urp"}'
+                },
+                "StationA->StationA": {
+                    "nav_command": '{"target": "LM1"}',
+                    "arm_pick": '{"task_name": "pick.urp"}',
+                    "arm_place": '{"task_name": "place.urp"}'
+                },
+            }
+        }
+    })
+
+    # AGV 子设备
+    G.add_node("zhixing_agv", type="device", class_="zhixing_agv")
+    G.add_node("zhixing_ur_arm", type="device", class_="zhixing_ur_arm")
+    G.add_edge("AGV", "zhixing_agv")
+    G.add_edge("AGV", "zhixing_ur_arm")
+
+    # AGV Warehouse 子资源
+    G.add_node("agv_platform", **{
+        "type": "warehouse",
+        "config": {
+            "name": "agv_platform",
+            "num_items_x": capacity_x,
+            "num_items_y": capacity_y,
+            "num_items_z": capacity_z,
+        }
+    })
+    G.add_edge("AGV", "agv_platform")
+
+    # 来源/目标工站
+    G.add_node("StationA", type="device", class_="workstation")
+    G.add_node("StationB", type="device", class_="workstation")
+
+    return G
+
+
+def _make_repos(items_count=2):
+    """构建测试用的 from_repo 和 to_repo dict"""
+    children = {}
+    for i in range(items_count):
+        pos = f"A{i + 1:02d}"
+        children[pos] = {
+            "id": f"resource_{i + 1}",
+            "name": f"R{i + 1}",
+            "parent": "StationA",
+            "type": "resource",
+        }
+
+    from_repo = {
+        "StationA": {
+            "id": "StationA",
+            "name": "StationA",
+            "children": children,
+        }
+    }
+    to_repo = {
+        "StationB": {
+            "id": "StationB",
+            "name": "StationB",
+            "children": {},
+        }
+    }
+    return from_repo, to_repo
+
+
+def _make_items(count=2):
+    """构建 transfer_resources / from_positions / to_positions"""
+    resources = [
+        {
+            "id": f"resource_{i + 1}",
+            "name": f"R{i + 1}",
+            "sample_id": f"uuid-{i + 1}",
+            "parent": "StationA",
+            "type": "resource",
+        }
+        for i in range(count)
+    ]
+    from_positions = [f"A{i + 1:02d}" for i in range(count)]
+    to_positions = [f"A{i + 1:02d}" for i in range(count)]
+    return resources, from_positions, to_positions
+
+
+# ============ _agv_utils 测试 ============
+
+class TestAGVUtils:
+    def test_find_agv_config(self):
+        G = _make_graph()
+        cfg = find_agv_config(G)
+        assert cfg["agv_id"] == "AGV"
+        assert cfg["device_roles"]["navigator"] == "zhixing_agv"
+        assert cfg["device_roles"]["arm"] == "zhixing_ur_arm"
+        assert "StationA->StationB" in cfg["route_table"]
+
+    def test_find_agv_config_by_id(self):
+        G = _make_graph()
+        cfg = find_agv_config(G, agv_id="AGV")
+        assert cfg["agv_id"] == "AGV"
+
+    def test_find_agv_config_not_found(self):
+        G = nx.DiGraph()
+        G.add_node("SomeDevice", type="device", class_="pump")
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="未找到 AGV"):
+            find_agv_config(G)
+
+    def test_get_agv_capacity(self):
+        G = _make_graph(capacity_x=2, capacity_y=1, capacity_z=1)
+        assert get_agv_capacity(G, "AGV") == 2
+
+    def test_get_agv_capacity_multi_layer(self):
+        G = _make_graph(capacity_x=1, capacity_y=2, capacity_z=3)
+        assert get_agv_capacity(G, "AGV") == 6
+
+    def test_split_batches_exact(self):
+        assert split_batches([1, 2], 2) == [[1, 2]]
+
+    def test_split_batches_overflow(self):
+        assert split_batches([1, 2, 3], 2) == [[1, 2], [3]]
+
+    def test_split_batches_single(self):
+        assert split_batches([1], 4) == [[1]]
+
+    def test_split_batches_zero_capacity(self):
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError):
+            split_batches([1], 0)
+
+
+# ============ 批量转运编译器测试 ============
+
+class TestBatchTransferProtocol:
+    def test_empty_items(self):
+        """空物料列表返回空 steps"""
+        G = _make_graph()
+        from_repo, to_repo = _make_repos(0)
+        steps = generate_batch_transfer_protocol(G, from_repo, to_repo, [], [], [])
+        assert steps == []
+
+    def test_single_item(self):
+        """单物料转运（BatchTransfer 退化为单物料）"""
+        G = _make_graph(capacity_x=2)
+        from_repo, to_repo = _make_repos(1)
+        resources, from_pos, to_pos = _make_items(1)
+        steps = generate_batch_transfer_protocol(G, from_repo, to_repo, resources, from_pos, to_pos)
+
+        # 应该有: nav到来源 + 1个pick + nav到目标 + 1个place = 4 steps
+        assert len(steps) == 4
+        assert steps[0]["action_name"] == "send_nav_task"
+        assert steps[1]["action_name"] == "move_pos_task"
+        assert steps[1]["_transfer_meta"]["phase"] == "pick"
+        assert steps[2]["action_name"] == "send_nav_task"
+        assert steps[3]["action_name"] == "move_pos_task"
+        assert steps[3]["_transfer_meta"]["phase"] == "place"
+
+    def test_exact_capacity(self):
+        """物料数 = AGV 容量，刚好一批"""
+        G = _make_graph(capacity_x=2)
+        from_repo, to_repo = _make_repos(2)
+        resources, from_pos, to_pos = _make_items(2)
+        steps = generate_batch_transfer_protocol(G, from_repo, to_repo, resources, from_pos, to_pos)
+
+        # nav + 2 pick + nav + 2 place = 6 steps
+        assert len(steps) == 6
+        pick_steps = [s for s in steps if s.get("_transfer_meta", {}).get("phase") == "pick"]
+        place_steps = [s for s in steps if s.get("_transfer_meta", {}).get("phase") == "place"]
+        assert len(pick_steps) == 2
+        assert len(place_steps) == 2
+
+    def test_multi_batch(self):
+        """物料数 > AGV 容量，自动分批"""
+        G = _make_graph(capacity_x=2)
+        from_repo, to_repo = _make_repos(3)
+        resources, from_pos, to_pos = _make_items(3)
+        steps = generate_batch_transfer_protocol(G, from_repo, to_repo, resources, from_pos, to_pos)
+
+        # 批次1: nav + 2 pick + nav + 2 place + nav(返回) = 7
+        # 批次2: nav + 1 pick + nav + 1 place = 4
+        # 总计 11 steps
+        assert len(steps) == 11
+
+        nav_steps = [s for s in steps if s["action_name"] == "send_nav_task"]
+        # 批次1: 2 nav(去来源+去目标) + 1 nav(返回) + 批次2: 2 nav = 5 nav
+        assert len(nav_steps) == 5
+
+    def test_children_dict_updated(self):
+        """compile 阶段三方 children dict 状态正确"""
+        G = _make_graph(capacity_x=2)
+        from_repo, to_repo = _make_repos(2)
+        resources, from_pos, to_pos = _make_items(2)
+
+        assert "A01" in from_repo["StationA"]["children"]
+        assert "A02" in from_repo["StationA"]["children"]
+        assert len(to_repo["StationB"]["children"]) == 0
+
+        generate_batch_transfer_protocol(G, from_repo, to_repo, resources, from_pos, to_pos)
+
+        # compile 后 from_repo 的 children 应该被 pop 掉
+        assert "A01" not in from_repo["StationA"]["children"]
+        assert "A02" not in from_repo["StationA"]["children"]
+        # to_repo 应该有新物料
+        assert "A01" in to_repo["StationB"]["children"]
+        assert "A02" in to_repo["StationB"]["children"]
+        assert to_repo["StationB"]["children"]["A01"]["id"] == "resource_1"
+
+    def test_device_ids_from_config(self):
+        """设备 ID 全部从配置读取，不硬编码"""
+        G = _make_graph()
+        from_repo, to_repo = _make_repos(1)
+        resources, from_pos, to_pos = _make_items(1)
+        steps = generate_batch_transfer_protocol(G, from_repo, to_repo, resources, from_pos, to_pos)
+
+        device_ids = {s["device_id"] for s in steps}
+        assert "zhixing_agv" in device_ids
+        assert "zhixing_ur_arm" in device_ids
+
+    def test_route_not_found(self):
+        """路由表中无对应路线时报错"""
+        G = _make_graph()
+        from_repo = {"Unknown": {"id": "Unknown", "children": {"A01": {"id": "R1", "parent": "Unknown"}}}}
+        to_repo = {"Other": {"id": "Other", "children": {}}}
+        resources = [{"id": "R1", "name": "R1"}]
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError, match="路由表"):
+            generate_batch_transfer_protocol(G, from_repo, to_repo, resources, ["A01"], ["B01"])
+
+    def test_length_mismatch(self):
+        """三个数组长度不一致时报错"""
+        G = _make_graph()
+        from_repo, to_repo = _make_repos(2)
+        resources = [{"id": "R1"}]
+        with pytest.raises(ValueError, match="长度不一致"):
+            generate_batch_transfer_protocol(G, from_repo, to_repo, resources, ["A01", "A02"], ["B01"])
+
+
+# ============ 改造后的 AGV 单物料编译器测试 ============
+
+class TestAGVTransferProtocol:
+    def test_single_transfer_from_config(self):
+        """改造后的单物料编译器从 G 读取配置"""
+        G = _make_graph()
+        from_repo = {"StationA": {"id": "StationA", "children": {"A01": {"id": "R1", "parent": "StationA"}}}}
+        to_repo = {"StationB": {"id": "StationB", "children": {}}}
+        steps = generate_agv_transfer_protocol(G, from_repo, "A01", to_repo, "B01")
+
+        assert len(steps) == 2
+        assert steps[0]["device_id"] == "zhixing_agv"
+        assert steps[0]["action_name"] == "send_nav_task"
+        assert steps[1]["device_id"] == "zhixing_ur_arm"
+        assert steps[1]["action_name"] == "move_pos_task"
+
+    def test_children_updated(self):
+        """单物料编译后 children dict 正确更新"""
+        G = _make_graph()
+        from_repo = {"StationA": {"id": "StationA", "children": {"A01": {"id": "R1", "parent": "StationA"}}}}
+        to_repo = {"StationB": {"id": "StationB", "children": {}}}
+        generate_agv_transfer_protocol(G, from_repo, "A01", to_repo, "B01")
+
+        assert "A01" not in from_repo["StationA"]["children"]
+        assert "B01" in to_repo["StationB"]["children"]
+        assert to_repo["StationB"]["children"]["B01"]["parent"] == "StationB"
diff --git a/tests/compile/test_full_chain_conversion_to_compile.py b/tests/compile/test_full_chain_conversion_to_compile.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..577dee6b
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/compile/test_full_chain_conversion_to_compile.py
@@ -0,0 +1,706 @@
+"""
+全链路集成测试：ROS Goal 转换 → ResourceTreeSet → get_plr_nested_dict → 编译器 → 动作列表
+
+模拟 workstation.py 中的完整路径：
+1. host 返回 raw_data（模拟 resource_get 响应）
+2. ResourceTreeSet.from_raw_dict_list(raw_data) 构建资源树
+3. tree.root_node.get_plr_nested_dict() 生成嵌套 dict
+4. protocol_kwargs 传给编译器
+5. 编译器返回 action_list，验证结构和关键字段
+"""
+
+import copy
+import json
+import pytest
+import networkx as nx
+
+from unilabos.resources.resource_tracker import (
+    ResourceDictInstance,
+    ResourceTreeSet,
+)
+from unilabos.compile.utils.resource_helper import (
+    ensure_resource_instance,
+    resource_to_dict,
+    get_resource_id,
+    get_resource_data,
+)
+from unilabos.compile.utils.vessel_parser import get_vessel
+
+# ============ 构建模拟设备图 ============
+
+def _build_test_graph():
+    """构建一个包含常用设备节点的测试图"""
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+
+    # 容器
+    G.add_node("reactor_01", **{
+        "id": "reactor_01",
+        "name": "reactor_01",
+        "type": "device",
+        "class": "virtual_stirrer",
+        "data": {},
+        "config": {},
+    })
+
+    # 搅拌设备
+    G.add_node("stirrer_1", **{
+        "id": "stirrer_1",
+        "name": "stirrer_1",
+        "type": "device",
+        "class": "virtual_stirrer",
+        "data": {},
+        "config": {},
+    })
+    G.add_edge("stirrer_1", "reactor_01")
+
+    # 加热设备
+    G.add_node("heatchill_1", **{
+        "id": "heatchill_1",
+        "name": "heatchill_1",
+        "type": "device",
+        "class": "virtual_heatchill",
+        "data": {},
+        "config": {},
+    })
+    G.add_edge("heatchill_1", "reactor_01")
+
+    # 试剂容器（液体）
+    G.add_node("flask_water", **{
+        "id": "flask_water",
+        "name": "flask_water",
+        "type": "container",
+        "class": "",
+        "data": {"reagent_name": "water", "liquid": [{"liquid_type": "water", "volume": 500.0}]},
+        "config": {"reagent": "water"},
+    })
+
+    # 固体加样器
+    G.add_node("solid_dispenser_1", **{
+        "id": "solid_dispenser_1",
+        "name": "solid_dispenser_1",
+        "type": "device",
+        "class": "solid_dispenser",
+        "data": {},
+        "config": {},
+    })
+
+    # 泵
+    G.add_node("pump_1", **{
+        "id": "pump_1",
+        "name": "pump_1",
+        "type": "device",
+        "class": "virtual_pump",
+        "data": {},
+        "config": {},
+    })
+    G.add_edge("flask_water", "pump_1")
+    G.add_edge("pump_1", "reactor_01")
+
+    return G
+
+
+# ============ 构建模拟 host 返回数据 ============
+
+def _make_raw_resource(
+    id="reactor_01",
+    uuid="uuid-reactor-01",
+    name="reactor_01",
+    klass="virtual_stirrer",
+    type_="device",
+    parent=None,
+    parent_uuid=None,
+    data=None,
+    config=None,
+    extra=None,
+):
+    """模拟 host 返回的单个资源 dict（与 resource_get 服务响应一致）"""
+    return {
+        "id": id,
+        "uuid": uuid,
+        "name": name,
+        "class": klass,
+        "type": type_,
+        "parent": parent,
+        "parent_uuid": parent_uuid or "",
+        "description": "",
+        "config": config or {},
+        "data": data or {},
+        "extra": extra or {},
+        "position": {"x": 0.0, "y": 0.0, "z": 0.0},
+    }
+
+
+def _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(raw_data_list, field_type="unilabos_msgs/Resource"):
+    """
+    模拟 workstation.py 中 resource enrichment 的核心逻辑：
+    raw_data → ResourceTreeSet.from_raw_dict_list → get_plr_nested_dict → protocol_kwargs[k]
+    """
+    tree_set = ResourceTreeSet.from_raw_dict_list(raw_data_list)
+
+    if field_type == "unilabos_msgs/Resource":
+        # 单个 Resource：取第一棵树的根节点
+        root_instance = tree_set.trees[0].root_node if tree_set.trees else None
+        return root_instance.get_plr_nested_dict() if root_instance else {}
+    else:
+        # sequence<Resource>：返回列表
+        return [tree.root_node.get_plr_nested_dict() for tree in tree_set.trees]
+
+
+# ============ 全链路测试：Stir 协议 ============
+
+class TestStirProtocolFullChain:
+    """Stir 协议全链路：host raw_data → enriched dict → compiler → action_list"""
+
+    def test_stir_with_enriched_resource_dict(self):
+        """单个 Resource 经过 enrichment 后传给 stir compiler"""
+        from unilabos.compile.stir_protocol import generate_stir_protocol
+
+        raw_data = [_make_raw_resource(
+            id="reactor_01", uuid="uuid-reactor-01",
+            klass="virtual_stirrer", type_="device",
+        )]
+
+        # 模拟 workstation enrichment
+        enriched_vessel = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(raw_data)
+
+        assert enriched_vessel["id"] == "reactor_01"
+        assert enriched_vessel["uuid"] == "uuid-reactor-01"
+        assert enriched_vessel["class"] == "virtual_stirrer"
+
+        # 传给编译器
+        G = _build_test_graph()
+        actions = generate_stir_protocol(
+            G=G,
+            vessel=enriched_vessel,
+            time="60",
+            stir_speed=300.0,
+        )
+
+        assert isinstance(actions, list)
+        assert len(actions) >= 1
+        action = actions[0]
+        assert action["device_id"] == "stirrer_1"
+        assert action["action_name"] == "stir"
+        assert "vessel" in action["action_kwargs"]
+        assert action["action_kwargs"]["vessel"]["id"] == "reactor_01"
+
+    def test_stir_with_resource_dict_instance(self):
+        """直接用 ResourceDictInstance 传给 stir compiler（通过 get_plr_nested_dict 转换）"""
+        from unilabos.compile.stir_protocol import generate_stir_protocol
+
+        raw_data = [_make_raw_resource(id="reactor_01")]
+        tree_set = ResourceTreeSet.from_raw_dict_list(raw_data)
+        inst = tree_set.trees[0].root_node
+
+        # 通过 resource_to_dict 转换（resource_helper 兼容层）
+        vessel_dict = resource_to_dict(inst)
+        assert isinstance(vessel_dict, dict)
+        assert vessel_dict["id"] == "reactor_01"
+
+        G = _build_test_graph()
+        actions = generate_stir_protocol(G=G, vessel=vessel_dict, time="30")
+
+        assert len(actions) >= 1
+        assert actions[0]["action_name"] == "stir"
+
+    def test_stir_with_string_vessel(self):
+        """兼容旧模式：直接传 vessel 字符串"""
+        from unilabos.compile.stir_protocol import generate_stir_protocol
+
+        G = _build_test_graph()
+        actions = generate_stir_protocol(G=G, vessel="reactor_01", time="30")
+
+        assert len(actions) >= 1
+        assert actions[0]["device_id"] == "stirrer_1"
+        assert actions[0]["action_kwargs"]["vessel"]["id"] == "reactor_01"
+
+
+# ============ 全链路测试：HeatChill 协议 ============
+
+class TestHeatChillProtocolFullChain:
+    """HeatChill 协议全链路"""
+
+    def test_heatchill_with_enriched_resource(self):
+        from unilabos.compile.heatchill_protocol import generate_heat_chill_protocol
+
+        raw_data = [_make_raw_resource(id="reactor_01", klass="virtual_stirrer")]
+        enriched_vessel = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(raw_data)
+
+        G = _build_test_graph()
+        actions = generate_heat_chill_protocol(
+            G=G,
+            vessel=enriched_vessel,
+            temp=80.0,
+            time="300",
+        )
+
+        assert isinstance(actions, list)
+        assert len(actions) >= 1
+        action = actions[0]
+        assert action["device_id"] == "heatchill_1"
+        assert action["action_name"] == "heat_chill"
+        assert action["action_kwargs"]["temp"] == 80.0
+
+    def test_heatchill_start_with_enriched_resource(self):
+        from unilabos.compile.heatchill_protocol import generate_heat_chill_start_protocol
+
+        raw_data = [_make_raw_resource(id="reactor_01")]
+        enriched_vessel = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(raw_data)
+
+        G = _build_test_graph()
+        actions = generate_heat_chill_start_protocol(
+            G=G,
+            vessel=enriched_vessel,
+            temp=60.0,
+        )
+
+        assert len(actions) >= 1
+        assert actions[0]["action_name"] == "heat_chill_start"
+        assert actions[0]["action_kwargs"]["temp"] == 60.0
+
+    def test_heatchill_stop_with_enriched_resource(self):
+        from unilabos.compile.heatchill_protocol import generate_heat_chill_stop_protocol
+
+        raw_data = [_make_raw_resource(id="reactor_01")]
+        enriched_vessel = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(raw_data)
+
+        G = _build_test_graph()
+        actions = generate_heat_chill_stop_protocol(G=G, vessel=enriched_vessel)
+
+        assert len(actions) >= 1
+        assert actions[0]["action_name"] == "heat_chill_stop"
+
+
+# ============ 全链路测试：Add 协议 ============
+
+class TestAddProtocolFullChain:
+    """Add 协议全链路：vessel enrichment + reagent 查找 + 泵传输"""
+
+    def test_add_solid_with_enriched_resource(self):
+        from unilabos.compile.add_protocol import generate_add_protocol
+
+        raw_data = [_make_raw_resource(id="reactor_01")]
+        enriched_vessel = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(raw_data)
+
+        G = _build_test_graph()
+        actions = generate_add_protocol(
+            G=G,
+            vessel=enriched_vessel,
+            reagent="NaCl",
+            mass="5 g",
+        )
+
+        assert isinstance(actions, list)
+        assert len(actions) >= 1
+        # 应该包含至少一个 add_solid 或 log_message 动作
+        action_names = [a.get("action_name", "") for a in actions]
+        assert any(name in ["add_solid", "log_message"] for name in action_names)
+
+    def test_add_liquid_with_enriched_resource(self):
+        from unilabos.compile.add_protocol import generate_add_protocol
+
+        raw_data = [_make_raw_resource(id="reactor_01")]
+        enriched_vessel = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(raw_data)
+
+        G = _build_test_graph()
+        actions = generate_add_protocol(
+            G=G,
+            vessel=enriched_vessel,
+            reagent="water",
+            volume="10 mL",
+        )
+
+        assert isinstance(actions, list)
+        assert len(actions) >= 1
+
+
+# ============ 全链路测试：ResourceDictInstance 兼容层 ============
+
+class TestResourceDictInstanceCompatibility:
+    """验证编译器兼容层对 ResourceDictInstance 的处理"""
+
+    def test_get_vessel_from_enriched_dict(self):
+        """get_vessel 对 enriched dict 的处理"""
+        raw_data = [_make_raw_resource(
+            id="reactor_01",
+            data={"temperature": 25.0, "liquid": [{"liquid_type": "water", "volume": 10.0}]},
+        )]
+        enriched = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(raw_data)
+
+        vessel_id, vessel_data = get_vessel(enriched)
+        assert vessel_id == "reactor_01"
+        assert vessel_data["temperature"] == 25.0
+        assert len(vessel_data["liquid"]) == 1
+
+    def test_get_vessel_from_resource_instance(self):
+        """get_vessel 直接对 ResourceDictInstance 的处理"""
+        raw_data = [_make_raw_resource(
+            id="reactor_01",
+            data={"temperature": 25.0},
+        )]
+        tree_set = ResourceTreeSet.from_raw_dict_list(raw_data)
+        inst = tree_set.trees[0].root_node
+
+        vessel_id, vessel_data = get_vessel(inst)
+        assert vessel_id == "reactor_01"
+        assert vessel_data["temperature"] == 25.0
+
+    def test_ensure_resource_instance_round_trip(self):
+        """ensure_resource_instance → resource_to_dict 无损往返"""
+        raw_data = [_make_raw_resource(
+            id="reactor_01", uuid="uuid-r01", klass="virtual_stirrer",
+            data={"temp": 25.0},
+        )]
+        enriched = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(raw_data)
+
+        # dict → ResourceDictInstance
+        inst = ensure_resource_instance(enriched)
+        assert isinstance(inst, ResourceDictInstance)
+        assert inst.res_content.id == "reactor_01"
+        assert inst.res_content.uuid == "uuid-r01"
+
+        # ResourceDictInstance → dict
+        d = resource_to_dict(inst)
+        assert isinstance(d, dict)
+        assert d["id"] == "reactor_01"
+        assert d["uuid"] == "uuid-r01"
+        assert d["class"] == "virtual_stirrer"
+
+
+# ============ 全链路测试：带 children 的资源树 ============
+
+class TestResourceTreeWithChildren:
+    """测试带 children 结构的资源树通过编译器的路径"""
+
+    def _make_tree_with_children(self):
+        """构建 StationA -> [Flask1, Flask2] 的资源树"""
+        return [
+            _make_raw_resource(
+                id="StationA", uuid="uuid-station-a",
+                name="StationA", klass="workstation", type_="device",
+            ),
+            _make_raw_resource(
+                id="Flask1", uuid="uuid-flask-1",
+                name="Flask1", klass="", type_="resource",
+                parent="StationA", parent_uuid="uuid-station-a",
+                data={"liquid": [{"liquid_type": "water", "volume": 10.0}]},
+            ),
+            _make_raw_resource(
+                id="Flask2", uuid="uuid-flask-2",
+                name="Flask2", klass="", type_="resource",
+                parent="StationA", parent_uuid="uuid-station-a",
+                data={"liquid": [{"liquid_type": "ethanol", "volume": 5.0}]},
+            ),
+        ]
+
+    def test_enrichment_preserves_children_structure(self):
+        """验证 enrichment 后 children 为嵌套 dict"""
+        raw_data = self._make_tree_with_children()
+        enriched = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(raw_data)
+
+        assert enriched["id"] == "StationA"
+        assert "children" in enriched
+        assert isinstance(enriched["children"], dict)
+        assert "Flask1" in enriched["children"]
+        assert "Flask2" in enriched["children"]
+
+    def test_children_preserve_uuid_and_data(self):
+        """验证 children 中的 uuid 和 data 被正确保留"""
+        raw_data = self._make_tree_with_children()
+        enriched = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(raw_data)
+
+        flask1 = enriched["children"]["Flask1"]
+        assert flask1["uuid"] == "uuid-flask-1"
+        assert flask1["data"]["liquid"][0]["liquid_type"] == "water"
+        assert flask1["data"]["liquid"][0]["volume"] == 10.0
+
+        flask2 = enriched["children"]["Flask2"]
+        assert flask2["uuid"] == "uuid-flask-2"
+        assert flask2["data"]["liquid"][0]["liquid_type"] == "ethanol"
+
+    def test_children_dict_can_be_popped(self):
+        """模拟 batch_transfer_protocol 中 pop children 的操作"""
+        raw_data = self._make_tree_with_children()
+        enriched = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(raw_data)
+
+        # batch_transfer_protocol 中会 pop children
+        children = enriched["children"]
+        popped = children.pop("Flask1")
+        assert popped["id"] == "Flask1"
+        assert "Flask1" not in enriched["children"]
+        assert "Flask2" in enriched["children"]
+
+    def test_children_dict_usable_as_from_repo(self):
+        """模拟 batch_transfer_protocol 中 from_repo 参数"""
+        raw_data = self._make_tree_with_children()
+        enriched = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(raw_data)
+
+        # 模拟编译器接收的 from_repo 格式
+        from_repo = {"StationA": enriched}
+        from_repo_ = list(from_repo.values())[0]
+
+        assert from_repo_["id"] == "StationA"
+        assert "Flask1" in from_repo_["children"]
+        assert from_repo_["children"]["Flask1"]["uuid"] == "uuid-flask-1"
+
+    def test_sequence_resource_enrichment(self):
+        """sequence<Resource> 情况：多个独立资源树"""
+        raw_data1 = [_make_raw_resource(id="R1", uuid="uuid-r1")]
+        raw_data2 = [_make_raw_resource(id="R2", uuid="uuid-r2")]
+
+        tree_set1 = ResourceTreeSet.from_raw_dict_list(raw_data1)
+        tree_set2 = ResourceTreeSet.from_raw_dict_list(raw_data2)
+
+        results = [
+            tree.root_node.get_plr_nested_dict()
+            for ts in [tree_set1, tree_set2]
+            for tree in ts.trees
+        ]
+
+        assert len(results) == 2
+        assert results[0]["id"] == "R1"
+        assert results[1]["id"] == "R2"
+
+
+# ============ 全链路测试：动作列表结构验证 ============
+
+class TestActionListStructure:
+    """验证编译器返回的 action_list 结构符合 workstation 预期"""
+
+    def _validate_action(self, action):
+        """验证单个 action dict 的结构"""
+        if action.get("action_name") == "wait":
+            # wait 伪动作不需要 device_id
+            assert "action_kwargs" in action
+            assert "time" in action["action_kwargs"]
+            return
+
+        if action.get("action_name") == "log_message":
+            # log 伪动作
+            assert "action_kwargs" in action
+            return
+
+        # 正常设备动作
+        assert "device_id" in action, f"action 缺少 device_id: {action}"
+        assert "action_name" in action, f"action 缺少 action_name: {action}"
+        assert "action_kwargs" in action, f"action 缺少 action_kwargs: {action}"
+        assert isinstance(action["action_kwargs"], dict)
+
+    def test_stir_action_list_structure(self):
+        from unilabos.compile.stir_protocol import generate_stir_protocol
+
+        raw_data = [_make_raw_resource(id="reactor_01")]
+        enriched = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(raw_data)
+
+        G = _build_test_graph()
+        actions = generate_stir_protocol(G=G, vessel=enriched, time="60")
+
+        for action in actions:
+            if isinstance(action, list):
+                # 并行动作
+                for sub_action in action:
+                    self._validate_action(sub_action)
+            else:
+                self._validate_action(action)
+
+    def test_heatchill_action_list_structure(self):
+        from unilabos.compile.heatchill_protocol import generate_heat_chill_protocol
+
+        raw_data = [_make_raw_resource(id="reactor_01")]
+        enriched = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(raw_data)
+
+        G = _build_test_graph()
+        actions = generate_heat_chill_protocol(G=G, vessel=enriched, temp=80.0, time="60")
+
+        for action in actions:
+            if isinstance(action, list):
+                for sub_action in action:
+                    self._validate_action(sub_action)
+            else:
+                self._validate_action(action)
+
+    def test_add_action_list_structure(self):
+        from unilabos.compile.add_protocol import generate_add_protocol
+
+        raw_data = [_make_raw_resource(id="reactor_01")]
+        enriched = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(raw_data)
+
+        G = _build_test_graph()
+        actions = generate_add_protocol(G=G, vessel=enriched, reagent="NaCl", mass="5 g")
+
+        for action in actions:
+            if isinstance(action, list):
+                for sub_action in action:
+                    self._validate_action(sub_action)
+            else:
+                self._validate_action(action)
+
+
+# ============ 全链路测试：message_converter 到 enrichment ============
+
+class TestMessageConverterToEnrichment:
+    """模拟从 ROS 消息转换后的 dict 到 enrichment 的完整链路"""
+
+    def test_ros_goal_conversion_simulation(self):
+        """
+        模拟 workstation.py 中的完整流程：
+        1. ROS goal 中的 vessel 字段被 convert_from_ros_msg 转换为浅层 dict
+        2. workstation 用 resource_id 请求 host 获取完整资源数据
+        3. ResourceTreeSet.from_raw_dict_list 构建资源树
+        4. get_plr_nested_dict 生成嵌套 dict 替换 protocol_kwargs[k]
+        """
+        # 步骤1: 模拟 convert_from_ros_msg 的输出（浅层 dict，只有 id 等基本字段）
+        shallow_vessel = {
+            "id": "reactor_01",
+            "uuid": "uuid-reactor-01",
+            "name": "reactor_01",
+            "type": "device",
+            "category": "virtual_stirrer",
+            "children": [],
+            "parent": "",
+            "parent_uuid": "",
+            "config": {},
+            "data": {},
+            "extra": {},
+            "position": {"x": 0.0, "y": 0.0, "z": 0.0},
+        }
+
+        protocol_kwargs = {
+            "vessel": shallow_vessel,
+            "time": "300",
+            "stir_speed": 300.0,
+        }
+
+        # 步骤2: 提取 resource_id
+        resource_id = protocol_kwargs["vessel"]["id"]
+        assert resource_id == "reactor_01"
+
+        # 步骤3: 模拟 host 返回完整数据（带 children）
+        host_response = [
+            _make_raw_resource(
+                id="reactor_01", uuid="uuid-reactor-01",
+                klass="virtual_stirrer", type_="device",
+                data={"temperature": 25.0, "pressure": 1.0},
+                config={"max_temp": 300.0},
+            ),
+        ]
+
+        # 步骤4: enrichment
+        enriched = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(host_response)
+        protocol_kwargs["vessel"] = enriched
+
+        # 验证 enrichment 后的 protocol_kwargs
+        assert protocol_kwargs["vessel"]["id"] == "reactor_01"
+        assert protocol_kwargs["vessel"]["uuid"] == "uuid-reactor-01"
+        assert protocol_kwargs["vessel"]["class"] == "virtual_stirrer"
+        assert protocol_kwargs["vessel"]["data"]["temperature"] == 25.0
+        assert protocol_kwargs["vessel"]["config"]["max_temp"] == 300.0
+
+        # 步骤5: 传给编译器
+        from unilabos.compile.stir_protocol import generate_stir_protocol
+        G = _build_test_graph()
+        actions = generate_stir_protocol(G=G, **protocol_kwargs)
+
+        assert len(actions) >= 1
+        assert actions[0]["device_id"] == "stirrer_1"
+        assert actions[0]["action_name"] == "stir"
+
+    def test_ros_goal_with_children_enrichment(self):
+        """ROS goal → enrichment 带 children 的场景（batch transfer）"""
+        # 模拟 host 返回带 children 的数据
+        host_response = [
+            _make_raw_resource(
+                id="StationA", uuid="uuid-sa", klass="workstation", type_="device",
+                config={"num_items_x": 4, "num_items_y": 2},
+            ),
+            _make_raw_resource(
+                id="Plate1", uuid="uuid-p1", type_="resource",
+                parent="StationA", parent_uuid="uuid-sa",
+                data={"sample": "sample_A"},
+            ),
+            _make_raw_resource(
+                id="Plate2", uuid="uuid-p2", type_="resource",
+                parent="StationA", parent_uuid="uuid-sa",
+                data={"sample": "sample_B"},
+            ),
+        ]
+
+        enriched = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(host_response)
+
+        assert enriched["id"] == "StationA"
+        assert enriched["class"] == "workstation"
+        assert len(enriched["children"]) == 2
+        assert enriched["children"]["Plate1"]["data"]["sample"] == "sample_A"
+        assert enriched["children"]["Plate2"]["uuid"] == "uuid-p2"
+
+        # 模拟 batch_transfer 的 from_repo 格式
+        from_repo = {"StationA": enriched}
+        from_repo_ = list(from_repo.values())[0]
+        assert "Plate1" in from_repo_["children"]
+        assert from_repo_["children"]["Plate1"]["uuid"] == "uuid-p1"
+
+
+# ============ 全链路测试：多协议连续调用 ============
+
+class TestMultiProtocolChain:
+    """模拟连续执行多个协议（如 add → stir → heatchill）"""
+
+    def test_sequential_protocol_execution(self):
+        """模拟典型合成路径：add → stir → heatchill"""
+        from unilabos.compile.stir_protocol import generate_stir_protocol
+        from unilabos.compile.heatchill_protocol import generate_heat_chill_protocol
+        from unilabos.compile.add_protocol import generate_add_protocol
+
+        raw_data = [_make_raw_resource(
+            id="reactor_01", uuid="uuid-reactor-01",
+            klass="virtual_stirrer", type_="device",
+        )]
+        enriched = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(raw_data)
+        G = _build_test_graph()
+
+        # 每次调用用 enriched 的副本，避免编译器修改原数据
+        all_actions = []
+
+        # 步骤1: 添加试剂
+        add_actions = generate_add_protocol(
+            G=G, vessel=copy.deepcopy(enriched),
+            reagent="NaCl", mass="5 g",
+        )
+        all_actions.extend(add_actions)
+
+        # 步骤2: 搅拌
+        stir_actions = generate_stir_protocol(
+            G=G, vessel=copy.deepcopy(enriched),
+            time="60", stir_speed=300.0,
+        )
+        all_actions.extend(stir_actions)
+
+        # 步骤3: 加热
+        heat_actions = generate_heat_chill_protocol(
+            G=G, vessel=copy.deepcopy(enriched),
+            temp=80.0, time="300",
+        )
+        all_actions.extend(heat_actions)
+
+        # 验证总动作列表
+        assert len(all_actions) >= 3
+        # 每个协议至少产生一个核心动作
+        action_names = [a.get("action_name", "") for a in all_actions if isinstance(a, dict)]
+        assert "stir" in action_names
+        assert "heat_chill" in action_names
+
+    def test_enriched_resource_not_mutated(self):
+        """验证编译器不应修改传入的 enriched dict（如果需要修改应 deepcopy）"""
+        from unilabos.compile.stir_protocol import generate_stir_protocol
+
+        raw_data = [_make_raw_resource(id="reactor_01")]
+        enriched = _simulate_workstation_resource_enrichment(raw_data)
+        original_id = enriched["id"]
+        original_uuid = enriched["uuid"]
+
+        G = _build_test_graph()
+        generate_stir_protocol(G=G, vessel=enriched, time="60")
+
+        # 验证 enriched dict 核心字段未被修改
+        assert enriched["id"] == original_id
+        assert enriched["uuid"] == original_uuid
diff --git a/tests/compile/test_pump_separate_full_chain.py b/tests/compile/test_pump_separate_full_chain.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8988933a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/compile/test_pump_separate_full_chain.py
@@ -0,0 +1,538 @@
+"""
+PumpTransfer 和 Separate 全链路测试
+
+构建包含泵/阀门/分液漏斗的完整设备图，
+输出完整的中间数据（最短路径、泵骨架、动作列表等）。
+"""
+
+import copy
+import json
+import pprint
+import pytest
+import networkx as nx
+
+from unilabos.resources.resource_tracker import ResourceTreeSet
+from unilabos.compile.utils.resource_helper import get_resource_id, get_resource_data
+from unilabos.compile.utils.vessel_parser import get_vessel
+
+
+def _make_raw_resource(id, uuid=None, name=None, klass="", type_="device",
+                       parent=None, parent_uuid=None, data=None, config=None, extra=None):
+    return {
+        "id": id,
+        "uuid": uuid or f"uuid-{id}",
+        "name": name or id,
+        "class": klass,
+        "type": type_,
+        "parent": parent,
+        "parent_uuid": parent_uuid or "",
+        "description": "",
+        "config": config or {},
+        "data": data or {},
+        "extra": extra or {},
+        "position": {"x": 0.0, "y": 0.0, "z": 0.0},
+    }
+
+
+def _simulate_enrichment(raw_data_list):
+    tree_set = ResourceTreeSet.from_raw_dict_list(raw_data_list)
+    root = tree_set.trees[0].root_node if tree_set.trees else None
+    return root.get_plr_nested_dict() if root else {}
+
+
+def _build_pump_transfer_graph():
+    """
+    构建带泵/阀门的设备图，用于测试 PumpTransfer:
+
+    flask_water (container)
+        ↓
+    valve_1 (multiway_valve, pump_1 连接)
+        ↓
+    reactor_01 (device)
+
+    同时有: stirrer_1, heatchill_1, separator_1
+    """
+    G = nx.DiGraph()
+
+    # 源容器
+    G.add_node("flask_water", **{
+        "id": "flask_water", "name": "flask_water",
+        "type": "container", "class": "",
+        "data": {"reagent_name": "water", "liquid": [{"liquid_type": "water", "volume": 200.0}]},
+        "config": {"reagent": "water"},
+    })
+
+    # 多通阀
+    G.add_node("valve_1", **{
+        "id": "valve_1", "name": "valve_1",
+        "type": "device", "class": "multiway_valve",
+        "data": {}, "config": {},
+    })
+
+    # 注射泵（连接到阀门）
+    G.add_node("pump_1", **{
+        "id": "pump_1", "name": "pump_1",
+        "type": "device", "class": "virtual_pump",
+        "data": {}, "config": {"max_volume": 25.0},
+    })
+
+    # 目标容器
+    G.add_node("reactor_01", **{
+        "id": "reactor_01", "name": "reactor_01",
+        "type": "device", "class": "virtual_stirrer",
+        "data": {"liquid": [{"liquid_type": "water", "volume": 50.0}]},
+        "config": {},
+    })
+
+    # 搅拌器
+    G.add_node("stirrer_1", **{
+        "id": "stirrer_1", "name": "stirrer_1",
+        "type": "device", "class": "virtual_stirrer",
+        "data": {}, "config": {},
+    })
+
+    # 加热器
+    G.add_node("heatchill_1", **{
+        "id": "heatchill_1", "name": "heatchill_1",
+        "type": "device", "class": "virtual_heatchill",
+        "data": {}, "config": {},
+    })
+
+    # 分离器
+    G.add_node("separator_1", **{
+        "id": "separator_1", "name": "separator_1",
+        "type": "device", "class": "separator_controller",
+        "data": {}, "config": {},
+    })
+
+    # 废液容器
+    G.add_node("waste_workup", **{
+        "id": "waste_workup", "name": "waste_workup",
+        "type": "container", "class": "",
+        "data": {}, "config": {},
+    })
+
+    # 产物收集瓶
+    G.add_node("product_flask", **{
+        "id": "product_flask", "name": "product_flask",
+        "type": "container", "class": "",
+        "data": {}, "config": {},
+    })
+
+    # DCM溶剂瓶
+    G.add_node("flask_dcm", **{
+        "id": "flask_dcm", "name": "flask_dcm",
+        "type": "container", "class": "",
+        "data": {"reagent_name": "dcm", "liquid": [{"liquid_type": "dcm", "volume": 500.0}]},
+        "config": {"reagent": "dcm"},
+    })
+
+    # 边连接 —— flask_water → valve_1 → reactor_01
+    G.add_edge("flask_water", "valve_1", port={"valve_1": "port_1"})
+    G.add_edge("valve_1", "reactor_01", port={"valve_1": "port_2"})
+    # 阀门 → 泵
+    G.add_edge("valve_1", "pump_1")
+    G.add_edge("pump_1", "valve_1")
+    # 搅拌器 ↔ reactor
+    G.add_edge("stirrer_1", "reactor_01")
+    # 加热器 ↔ reactor
+    G.add_edge("heatchill_1", "reactor_01")
+    # 分离器 ↔ reactor
+    G.add_edge("separator_1", "reactor_01")
+    G.add_edge("reactor_01", "separator_1")
+    # DCM → valve → reactor (同一泵路)
+    G.add_edge("flask_dcm", "valve_1", port={"valve_1": "port_3"})
+    # reactor → valve → product/waste
+    G.add_edge("valve_1", "product_flask", port={"valve_1": "port_4"})
+    G.add_edge("valve_1", "waste_workup", port={"valve_1": "port_5"})
+
+    return G
+
+
+def _format_action(action, indent=0):
+    """格式化单个 action 为可读字符串"""
+    prefix = "  " * indent
+    if isinstance(action, list):
+        # 并行动作
+        lines = [f"{prefix}[PARALLEL]"]
+        for sub in action:
+            lines.append(_format_action(sub, indent + 1))
+        return "\n".join(lines)
+
+    name = action.get("action_name", "?")
+    device = action.get("device_id", "")
+    kwargs = action.get("action_kwargs", {})
+    comment = action.get("_comment", "")
+    meta = action.get("_transfer_meta", "")
+
+    parts = [f"{prefix}→ {device}::{name}"]
+    if kwargs:
+        # 精简输出
+        kw_str = ", ".join(f"{k}={v}" for k, v in kwargs.items()
+                           if k not in ("progress_message",))
+        if kw_str:
+            parts.append(f"  kwargs: {{{kw_str}}}")
+    if comment:
+        parts.append(f"  # {comment}")
+    if meta:
+        parts.append(f"  meta: {meta}")
+    return "\n".join(f"{prefix}{p}" if i > 0 else p for i, p in enumerate(parts))
+
+
+def _dump_actions(actions, title=""):
+    """打印完整动作列表"""
+    print(f"\n{'='*70}")
+    print(f"  {title}")
+    print(f"  总动作数: {len(actions)}")
+    print(f"{'='*70}")
+    for i, action in enumerate(actions):
+        print(f"\n  [{i:02d}] {_format_action(action, indent=2)}")
+    print(f"\n{'='*70}\n")
+
+
+# ==================== PumpTransfer 全链路 ====================
+
+class TestPumpTransferFullChain:
+    """PumpTransfer: 包含图路径查找、泵骨架构建、动作序列生成"""
+
+    def test_pump_transfer_basic(self):
+        """基础泵转移：flask_water → valve_1 → reactor_01"""
+        from unilabos.compile.pump_protocol import generate_pump_protocol
+
+        G = _build_pump_transfer_graph()
+
+        # 检查最短路径
+        path = nx.shortest_path(G, "flask_water", "reactor_01")
+        print(f"\n最短路径: {path}")
+        assert "valve_1" in path
+
+        # 调用编译器
+        actions = generate_pump_protocol(
+            G=G,
+            from_vessel_id="flask_water",
+            to_vessel_id="reactor_01",
+            volume=10.0,
+            flowrate=2.5,
+            transfer_flowrate=0.5,
+        )
+
+        _dump_actions(actions, "PumpTransfer: flask_water → reactor_01, 10mL")
+
+        # 验证
+        assert isinstance(actions, list)
+        assert len(actions) > 0
+        # 应该有 set_valve_position 和 set_position 动作
+        flat = [a for a in actions if isinstance(a, dict)]
+        action_names = [a.get("action_name") for a in flat]
+        print(f"动作名称列表: {action_names}")
+        assert "set_valve_position" in action_names
+        assert "set_position" in action_names
+
+    def test_pump_transfer_with_rinsing_enriched_vessel(self):
+        """pump_with_rinsing 接收 enriched vessel dict"""
+        from unilabos.compile.pump_protocol import generate_pump_protocol_with_rinsing
+
+        G = _build_pump_transfer_graph()
+
+        # 模拟 enrichment
+        from_raw = [_make_raw_resource(
+            id="flask_water", klass="", type_="container",
+            data={"reagent_name": "water", "liquid": [{"liquid_type": "water", "volume": 200.0}]},
+        )]
+        to_raw = [_make_raw_resource(
+            id="reactor_01", klass="virtual_stirrer", type_="device",
+        )]
+
+        from_enriched = _simulate_enrichment(from_raw)
+        to_enriched = _simulate_enrichment(to_raw)
+
+        print(f"\nfrom_vessel enriched: {json.dumps(from_enriched, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)[:300]}...")
+        print(f"to_vessel enriched: {json.dumps(to_enriched, indent=2, ensure_ascii=False)[:300]}...")
+
+        # get_vessel 兼容
+        fid, fdata = get_vessel(from_enriched)
+        tid, tdata = get_vessel(to_enriched)
+        print(f"from_vessel_id={fid}, to_vessel_id={tid}")
+        assert fid == "flask_water"
+        assert tid == "reactor_01"
+
+        actions = generate_pump_protocol_with_rinsing(
+            G=G,
+            from_vessel=from_enriched,
+            to_vessel=to_enriched,
+            volume=15.0,
+            flowrate=2.5,
+            transfer_flowrate=0.5,
+        )
+
+        _dump_actions(actions, "PumpTransferWithRinsing: flask_water → reactor_01, 15mL (enriched)")
+
+        assert isinstance(actions, list)
+        assert len(actions) > 0
+
+    def test_pump_transfer_multi_batch(self):
+        """体积 > max_volume 时自动分批"""
+        from unilabos.compile.pump_protocol import generate_pump_protocol
+
+        G = _build_pump_transfer_graph()
+
+        # pump_1 的 max_volume = 25mL，转 60mL 应该分 3 批
+        actions = generate_pump_protocol(
+            G=G,
+            from_vessel_id="flask_water",
+            to_vessel_id="reactor_01",
+            volume=60.0,
+            flowrate=2.5,
+            transfer_flowrate=0.5,
+        )
+
+        _dump_actions(actions, "PumpTransfer 分批: 60mL (max_volume=25mL, 预期 3 批)")
+
+        assert len(actions) > 0
+        # 应该有多轮 set_position
+        flat = [a for a in actions if isinstance(a, dict)]
+        set_position_count = sum(1 for a in flat if a.get("action_name") == "set_position")
+        print(f"set_position 动作数: {set_position_count}")
+        # 3批 × 2次 (吸液 + 排液) = 6 次 set_position
+        assert set_position_count >= 6
+
+    def test_pump_transfer_no_path(self):
+        """无路径时返回空"""
+        from unilabos.compile.pump_protocol import generate_pump_protocol
+
+        G = _build_pump_transfer_graph()
+        G.add_node("isolated_flask", type="container")
+
+        actions = generate_pump_protocol(
+            G=G,
+            from_vessel_id="isolated_flask",
+            to_vessel_id="reactor_01",
+            volume=10.0,
+        )
+
+        print(f"\n无路径时的动作列表: {actions}")
+        assert actions == []
+
+    def test_pump_backbone_filtering(self):
+        """验证泵骨架过滤逻辑（电磁阀被跳过）"""
+        from unilabos.compile.pump_protocol import generate_pump_protocol
+
+        G = _build_pump_transfer_graph()
+        # 添加电磁阀到路径中
+        G.add_node("solenoid_valve_1", **{
+            "type": "device", "class": "solenoid_valve",
+            "data": {}, "config": {},
+        })
+        # flask_water → solenoid_valve_1 → valve_1 → reactor_01
+        G.remove_edge("flask_water", "valve_1")
+        G.add_edge("flask_water", "solenoid_valve_1")
+        G.add_edge("solenoid_valve_1", "valve_1")
+
+        path = nx.shortest_path(G, "flask_water", "reactor_01")
+        print(f"\n含电磁阀的路径: {path}")
+        assert "solenoid_valve_1" in path
+
+        actions = generate_pump_protocol(
+            G=G,
+            from_vessel_id="flask_water",
+            to_vessel_id="reactor_01",
+            volume=10.0,
+        )
+
+        _dump_actions(actions, "PumpTransfer 含电磁阀: flask_water → solenoid → valve_1 → reactor_01")
+        # 电磁阀应被跳过，泵骨架只有 valve_1
+        assert len(actions) > 0
+
+
+# ==================== Separate 全链路 ====================
+
+class TestSeparateProtocolFullChain:
+    """Separate: 包含 bug 确认和正常路径测试"""
+
+    def test_separate_bug_line_128_fixed(self):
+        """验证 separate_protocol.py:128 的 bug 已修复（不再 crash）"""
+        from unilabos.compile.separate_protocol import generate_separate_protocol
+
+        G = _build_pump_transfer_graph()
+
+        raw_data = [_make_raw_resource(
+            id="reactor_01", klass="virtual_stirrer",
+            data={"liquid": [{"liquid_type": "water", "volume": 100.0}]},
+        )]
+        enriched = _simulate_enrichment(raw_data)
+
+        # 修复前：final_vessel_id, _ = vessel_id 会 crash（字符串解包）
+        # 修复后：final_vessel_id = vessel_id，正常返回 action 列表
+        result = generate_separate_protocol(
+            G=G,
+            vessel=enriched,
+            purpose="extract",
+            product_phase="top",
+            product_vessel="product_flask",
+            waste_vessel="waste_workup",
+            solvent="dcm",
+            volume="100 mL",
+        )
+        assert isinstance(result, list)
+        assert len(result) > 0
+
+    def test_separate_manual_workaround(self):
+        """
+        绕过 line 128 bug，手动测试分离编译器中可以工作的子函数
+        """
+        from unilabos.compile.separate_protocol import (
+            find_separator_device,
+            find_separation_vessel_bottom,
+        )
+        from unilabos.compile.utils.vessel_parser import (
+            find_connected_stirrer,
+            find_solvent_vessel,
+        )
+        from unilabos.compile.utils.unit_parser import parse_volume_input
+        from unilabos.compile.utils.resource_helper import get_resource_liquid_volume as get_vessel_liquid_volume
+
+        G = _build_pump_transfer_graph()
+
+        # 1. get_vessel 解析 enriched dict
+        raw_data = [_make_raw_resource(
+            id="reactor_01", klass="virtual_stirrer",
+            data={"liquid": [{"liquid_type": "water", "volume": 100.0}]},
+        )]
+        enriched = _simulate_enrichment(raw_data)
+        vessel_id, vessel_data = get_vessel(enriched)
+        print(f"\nvessel_id: {vessel_id}")
+        print(f"vessel_data: {vessel_data}")
+        assert vessel_id == "reactor_01"
+        assert vessel_data["liquid"][0]["volume"] == 100.0
+
+        # 2. find_separator_device
+        sep = find_separator_device(G, vessel_id)
+        print(f"分离器设备: {sep}")
+        assert sep == "separator_1"
+
+        # 3. find_connected_stirrer
+        stirrer = find_connected_stirrer(G, vessel_id)
+        print(f"搅拌器设备: {stirrer}")
+        assert stirrer == "stirrer_1"
+
+        # 4. find_solvent_vessel
+        solvent_v = find_solvent_vessel(G, "dcm")
+        print(f"DCM溶剂容器: {solvent_v}")
+        assert solvent_v == "flask_dcm"
+
+        # 5. parse_volume_input
+        vol = parse_volume_input("200 mL")
+        print(f"体积解析: '200 mL' → {vol}")
+        assert vol == 200.0
+
+        vol2 = parse_volume_input("1.5 L")
+        print(f"体积解析: '1.5 L' → {vol2}")
+        assert vol2 == 1500.0
+
+        # 6. get_vessel_liquid_volume
+        liq_vol = get_vessel_liquid_volume(enriched)
+        print(f"液体体积 (enriched dict): {liq_vol}")
+        assert liq_vol == 100.0
+
+        # 7. find_separation_vessel_bottom
+        bottom = find_separation_vessel_bottom(G, vessel_id)
+        print(f"分离容器底部: {bottom}")
+        # 当前图中没有命名匹配的底部容器
+
+    def test_pump_transfer_for_separate_subflow(self):
+        """测试 separate 中调用的 pump 子流程（溶剂添加 → 分液漏斗）"""
+        from unilabos.compile.pump_protocol import generate_pump_protocol_with_rinsing
+
+        G = _build_pump_transfer_graph()
+
+        # 模拟分离前的溶剂添加步骤
+        actions = generate_pump_protocol_with_rinsing(
+            G=G,
+            from_vessel="flask_dcm",
+            to_vessel="reactor_01",
+            volume=100.0,
+            flowrate=2.5,
+            transfer_flowrate=0.5,
+        )
+
+        _dump_actions(actions, "Separate 子流程: flask_dcm → reactor_01, 100mL DCM")
+
+        assert isinstance(actions, list)
+        assert len(actions) > 0
+
+        # 模拟分离后产物转移
+        actions2 = generate_pump_protocol_with_rinsing(
+            G=G,
+            from_vessel="reactor_01",
+            to_vessel="product_flask",
+            volume=50.0,
+            flowrate=2.5,
+            transfer_flowrate=0.5,
+        )
+
+        _dump_actions(actions2, "Separate 子流程: reactor_01 → product_flask, 50mL 产物")
+
+        assert len(actions2) > 0
+
+        # 废液转移
+        actions3 = generate_pump_protocol_with_rinsing(
+            G=G,
+            from_vessel="reactor_01",
+            to_vessel="waste_workup",
+            volume=50.0,
+            flowrate=2.5,
+            transfer_flowrate=0.5,
+        )
+
+        _dump_actions(actions3, "Separate 子流程: reactor_01 → waste_workup, 50mL 废液")
+
+        assert len(actions3) > 0
+
+
+# ==================== 图路径可视化 ====================
+
+class TestGraphPathVisualization:
+    """输出图中关键路径信息"""
+
+    def test_all_shortest_paths(self):
+        """输出所有容器之间的最短路径"""
+        G = _build_pump_transfer_graph()
+
+        containers = [n for n in G.nodes() if G.nodes[n].get("type") == "container"]
+        devices = [n for n in G.nodes() if G.nodes[n].get("type") == "device"]
+
+        print(f"\n{'='*70}")
+        print(f"  设备图概览")
+        print(f"{'='*70}")
+        print(f"  容器节点 ({len(containers)}): {containers}")
+        print(f"  设备节点 ({len(devices)}): {devices}")
+        print(f"  边数: {G.number_of_edges()}")
+        print(f"  边列表:")
+        for u, v, data in G.edges(data=True):
+            port_info = data.get("port", "")
+            print(f"    {u} → {v}  {port_info if port_info else ''}")
+
+        print(f"\n  关键路径:")
+        pairs = [
+            ("flask_water", "reactor_01"),
+            ("flask_dcm", "reactor_01"),
+            ("reactor_01", "product_flask"),
+            ("reactor_01", "waste_workup"),
+            ("flask_water", "product_flask"),
+        ]
+        for src, dst in pairs:
+            try:
+                path = nx.shortest_path(G, src, dst)
+                length = len(path) - 1
+                # 标注路径上的节点类型
+                annotated = []
+                for n in path:
+                    ntype = G.nodes[n].get("type", "?")
+                    nclass = G.nodes[n].get("class", "")
+                    annotated.append(f"{n}({ntype}{'/' + nclass if nclass else ''})")
+                print(f"    {src} → {dst}: 距离={length}")
+                print(f"      路径: {' → '.join(annotated)}")
+            except nx.NetworkXNoPath:
+                print(f"    {src} → {dst}: 无路径!")
+
+        print(f"{'='*70}\n")
diff --git a/tests/compile/test_resource_conversion_path.py b/tests/compile/test_resource_conversion_path.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8092e23e
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/compile/test_resource_conversion_path.py
@@ -0,0 +1,324 @@
+"""
+ROS Goal → Resource 转换 → 编译器路径的集成测试
+
+覆盖：
+1. Resource.msg 新字段(uuid, klass, extra)的往返转换
+2. dict → ROS Resource → dict 往返无损
+3. ResourceTreeSet → get_plr_nested_dict 保留 children 结构
+4. resource_helper 兼容 dict / ResourceDictInstance
+5. vessel_parser.get_vessel 兼容 ResourceDictInstance
+"""
+
+import json
+import pytest
+
+# 不依赖 ROS 的测试 —— 直接测试 resource 处理路径
+from unilabos.resources.resource_tracker import (
+    ResourceDict,
+    ResourceDictInstance,
+    ResourceTreeInstance,
+    ResourceTreeSet,
+)
+from unilabos.compile.utils.resource_helper import (
+    ensure_resource_instance,
+    resource_to_dict,
+    get_resource_id,
+    get_resource_data,
+    get_resource_display_info,
+    get_resource_liquid_volume,
+)
+from unilabos.compile.utils.vessel_parser import get_vessel
+
+
+# ============ 构建测试数据 ============
+
+
+def _make_resource_dict(
+    id="reactor_01",
+    uuid="uuid-reactor-01",
+    name="reactor_01",
+    klass="virtual_stirrer",
+    type_="device",
+    parent=None,
+    parent_uuid=None,
+    data=None,
+    config=None,
+    extra=None,
+):
+    return {
+        "id": id,
+        "uuid": uuid,
+        "name": name,
+        "class": klass,
+        "type": type_,
+        "parent": parent,
+        "parent_uuid": parent_uuid or "",
+        "description": "",
+        "config": config or {},
+        "data": data or {},
+        "extra": extra or {},
+        "position": {"x": 1.0, "y": 2.0, "z": 3.0},
+    }
+
+
+def _make_resource_instance(id="reactor_01", **kwargs):
+    d = _make_resource_dict(id=id, **kwargs)
+    return ResourceDictInstance.get_resource_instance_from_dict(d)
+
+
+def _make_tree_with_children():
+    """构建 StationA -> [R1, R2] 的资源树"""
+    raw_data = [
+        _make_resource_dict(
+            id="StationA",
+            uuid="uuid-station-a",
+            name="StationA",
+            klass="workstation",
+            type_="device",
+        ),
+        _make_resource_dict(
+            id="R1",
+            uuid="uuid-r1",
+            name="R1",
+            klass="",
+            type_="resource",
+            parent="StationA",
+            parent_uuid="uuid-station-a",
+            data={"liquid": [{"liquid_type": "water", "volume": 10.0}]},
+        ),
+        _make_resource_dict(
+            id="R2",
+            uuid="uuid-r2",
+            name="R2",
+            klass="",
+            type_="resource",
+            parent="StationA",
+            parent_uuid="uuid-station-a",
+            data={"liquid": [{"liquid_type": "ethanol", "volume": 5.0}]},
+        ),
+    ]
+    tree_set = ResourceTreeSet.from_raw_dict_list(raw_data)
+    return tree_set
+
+
+# ============ resource_helper 测试 ============
+
+
+class TestResourceHelper:
+    """测试 resource_helper 对 dict / ResourceDictInstance 的兼容性"""
+
+    def test_ensure_resource_instance_from_dict(self):
+        d = _make_resource_dict()
+        inst = ensure_resource_instance(d)
+        assert isinstance(inst, ResourceDictInstance)
+        assert inst.res_content.id == "reactor_01"
+        assert inst.res_content.uuid == "uuid-reactor-01"
+
+    def test_ensure_resource_instance_passthrough(self):
+        inst = _make_resource_instance()
+        result = ensure_resource_instance(inst)
+        assert result is inst  # 同一个对象，不复制
+
+    def test_ensure_resource_instance_none(self):
+        assert ensure_resource_instance(None) is None
+
+    def test_get_resource_id_from_dict(self):
+        d = _make_resource_dict(id="my_device")
+        assert get_resource_id(d) == "my_device"
+
+    def test_get_resource_id_from_instance(self):
+        inst = _make_resource_instance(id="my_device")
+        assert get_resource_id(inst) == "my_device"
+
+    def test_get_resource_id_from_string(self):
+        assert get_resource_id("my_device") == "my_device"
+
+    def test_get_resource_id_from_wrapped_dict(self):
+        """兼容 {station_id: {...}} 格式"""
+        d = {"StationA": {"id": "StationA", "name": "StationA"}}
+        assert get_resource_id(d) == "StationA"
+
+    def test_get_resource_data_from_dict(self):
+        d = _make_resource_dict(data={"temperature": 25.0})
+        assert get_resource_data(d) == {"temperature": 25.0}
+
+    def test_get_resource_data_from_instance(self):
+        inst = _make_resource_instance(data={"temperature": 25.0})
+        data = get_resource_data(inst)
+        assert data["temperature"] == 25.0
+
+    def test_get_resource_display_info_from_dict(self):
+        d = _make_resource_dict(id="reactor_01", name="Reactor #1")
+        info = get_resource_display_info(d)
+        assert "reactor_01" in info
+        assert "Reactor #1" in info
+
+    def test_get_resource_display_info_from_instance(self):
+        inst = _make_resource_instance(id="reactor_01", name="Reactor #1")
+        info = get_resource_display_info(inst)
+        assert "reactor_01" in info
+
+    def test_get_resource_display_info_from_string(self):
+        assert get_resource_display_info("reactor_01") == "reactor_01"
+
+    def test_get_resource_liquid_volume(self):
+        d = _make_resource_dict(data={"liquid": [{"liquid_type": "water", "volume": 15.5}]})
+        assert get_resource_liquid_volume(d) == pytest.approx(15.5)
+
+    def test_resource_to_dict_from_instance(self):
+        inst = _make_resource_instance(id="reactor_01", klass="virtual_stirrer")
+        d = resource_to_dict(inst)
+        assert isinstance(d, dict)
+        assert d["id"] == "reactor_01"
+        assert d["class"] == "virtual_stirrer"
+
+    def test_resource_to_dict_passthrough(self):
+        d = _make_resource_dict()
+        result = resource_to_dict(d)
+        assert result is d  # 同一个 dict
+
+
+# ============ vessel_parser 兼容性测试 ============
+
+
+class TestVesselParser:
+    """测试 vessel_parser.get_vessel 对 ResourceDictInstance 的兼容"""
+
+    def test_get_vessel_from_dict(self):
+        d = _make_resource_dict(id="reactor_01", data={"temperature": 25.0})
+        vessel_id, vessel_data = get_vessel(d)
+        assert vessel_id == "reactor_01"
+        assert vessel_data["temperature"] == 25.0
+
+    def test_get_vessel_from_string(self):
+        vessel_id, vessel_data = get_vessel("reactor_01")
+        assert vessel_id == "reactor_01"
+        assert vessel_data == {}
+
+    def test_get_vessel_from_resource_instance(self):
+        inst = _make_resource_instance(id="reactor_01", data={"temperature": 25.0})
+        vessel_id, vessel_data = get_vessel(inst)
+        assert vessel_id == "reactor_01"
+        assert vessel_data["temperature"] == 25.0
+
+    def test_get_vessel_from_wrapped_dict(self):
+        """兼容 {station_id: {id: ..., data: {...}}} 格式"""
+        d = {"StationA": {"id": "StationA", "data": {"vol": 100}}}
+        vessel_id, vessel_data = get_vessel(d)
+        assert vessel_id == "StationA"
+
+
+# ============ ResourceTreeSet → get_plr_nested_dict 测试 ============
+
+
+class TestResourceTreeRoundTrip:
+    """测试 ResourceTreeSet → get_plr_nested_dict 保留树结构和关键字段"""
+
+    def test_tree_preserves_children(self):
+        tree_set = _make_tree_with_children()
+        assert len(tree_set.trees) == 1
+        root = tree_set.trees[0].root_node
+        assert root.res_content.id == "StationA"
+        assert len(root.children) == 2
+
+    def test_plr_nested_dict_has_children(self):
+        tree_set = _make_tree_with_children()
+        root = tree_set.trees[0].root_node
+        nested = root.get_plr_nested_dict()
+        assert isinstance(nested, dict)
+        assert "children" in nested
+        assert isinstance(nested["children"], dict)
+        assert "R1" in nested["children"]
+        assert "R2" in nested["children"]
+
+    def test_plr_nested_dict_preserves_uuid(self):
+        tree_set = _make_tree_with_children()
+        root = tree_set.trees[0].root_node
+        nested = root.get_plr_nested_dict()
+        assert nested["uuid"] == "uuid-station-a"
+        assert nested["children"]["R1"]["uuid"] == "uuid-r1"
+
+    def test_plr_nested_dict_preserves_klass(self):
+        tree_set = _make_tree_with_children()
+        root = tree_set.trees[0].root_node
+        nested = root.get_plr_nested_dict()
+        assert nested["class"] == "workstation"
+
+    def test_plr_nested_dict_preserves_data(self):
+        tree_set = _make_tree_with_children()
+        root = tree_set.trees[0].root_node
+        nested = root.get_plr_nested_dict()
+        r1_data = nested["children"]["R1"]["data"]
+        assert "liquid" in r1_data
+        assert r1_data["liquid"][0]["volume"] == 10.0
+
+    def test_plr_nested_dict_usable_by_get_vessel(self):
+        """get_plr_nested_dict 的结果可以直接传给 get_vessel"""
+        tree_set = _make_tree_with_children()
+        root = tree_set.trees[0].root_node
+        nested = root.get_plr_nested_dict()
+        vessel_id, vessel_data = get_vessel(nested)
+        assert vessel_id == "StationA"
+
+    def test_dump_vs_plr_nested_dict(self):
+        """dump() 是扁平化的，get_plr_nested_dict 保留树结构"""
+        tree_set = _make_tree_with_children()
+        # dump 返回扁平列表
+        dumped = tree_set.dump()
+        assert isinstance(dumped[0], list)
+        assert len(dumped[0]) == 3  # StationA + R1 + R2，全部扁平
+
+        # get_plr_nested_dict 保留嵌套
+        root = tree_set.trees[0].root_node
+        nested = root.get_plr_nested_dict()
+        assert isinstance(nested["children"], dict)
+        assert len(nested["children"]) == 2  # 嵌套的 children
+
+
+# ============ 模拟 workstation 路径测试 ============
+
+
+class TestWorkstationPath:
+    """模拟 workstation.py 中的关键路径:
+    raw_data → ResourceTreeSet.from_raw_dict_list → get_plr_nested_dict → compiler
+    """
+
+    def test_single_resource_path(self):
+        """单个 Resource: 取第一棵树的根节点"""
+        raw_data = [
+            _make_resource_dict(id="reactor_01", uuid="uuid-r01", klass="virtual_stirrer"),
+        ]
+        tree_set = ResourceTreeSet.from_raw_dict_list(raw_data)
+        root = tree_set.trees[0].root_node
+        result = root.get_plr_nested_dict()
+        assert result["id"] == "reactor_01"
+        assert result["uuid"] == "uuid-r01"
+        assert result["class"] == "virtual_stirrer"
+
+    def test_resource_with_children_path(self):
+        """Resource 带 children: AGV/batch transfer 场景"""
+        tree_set = _make_tree_with_children()
+        root = tree_set.trees[0].root_node
+        nested = root.get_plr_nested_dict()
+
+        # 模拟编译器接收到的参数
+        from_repo = {"StationA": nested}
+        assert "A01" not in from_repo["StationA"]["children"]  # children 按 id 索引
+        assert "R1" in from_repo["StationA"]["children"]
+        assert from_repo["StationA"]["children"]["R1"]["uuid"] == "uuid-r1"
+
+    def test_multiple_resource_path(self):
+        """多个 Resource: 每棵树取根节点"""
+        raw_data1 = [_make_resource_dict(id="R1", uuid="uuid-r1")]
+        raw_data2 = [_make_resource_dict(id="R2", uuid="uuid-r2")]
+        # 模拟 host 返回多棵树
+        tree_set1 = ResourceTreeSet.from_raw_dict_list(raw_data1)
+        tree_set2 = ResourceTreeSet.from_raw_dict_list(raw_data2)
+        results = [
+            tree.root_node.get_plr_nested_dict()
+            for ts in [tree_set1, tree_set2]
+            for tree in ts.trees
+        ]
+        assert len(results) == 2
+        assert results[0]["id"] == "R1"
+        assert results[1]["id"] == "R2"
diff --git a/tests/devices/test_agv_transport_station.py b/tests/devices/test_agv_transport_station.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..486a87b8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/devices/test_agv_transport_station.py
@@ -0,0 +1,137 @@
+"""
+AGVTransportStation driver 测试
+
+覆盖：初始化、carrier property、slot 查询、路由查询、capacity 计算。
+"""
+
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock, patch
+
+from unilabos.devices.transport.agv_workstation import AGVTransportStation
+from unilabos.resources.warehouse import WareHouse, warehouse_factory
+
+
+class TestAGVTransportStation:
+    def _make_driver(self, route_table=None, device_roles=None):
+        """创建一个 AGVTransportStation 实例"""
+        return AGVTransportStation(
+            deck=None,
+            route_table=route_table or {
+                "A->B": {"nav_command": '{"target":"LM1"}', "arm_pick": "pick.urp", "arm_place": "place.urp"}
+            },
+            device_roles=device_roles or {"navigator": "agv_nav", "arm": "agv_arm"},
+        )
+
+    def _make_warehouse(self, name="agv_platform", nx=2, ny=1, nz=1):
+        """创建一个测试用 Warehouse"""
+        return warehouse_factory(name=name, num_items_x=nx, num_items_y=ny, num_items_z=nz)
+
+    def test_init_deck_none(self):
+        """AGVTransportStation 初始化时 deck=None"""
+        driver = self._make_driver()
+        assert driver.deck is None
+
+    def test_init_route_table(self):
+        """路由表正确存储"""
+        driver = self._make_driver()
+        assert "A->B" in driver.route_table
+
+    def test_init_device_roles(self):
+        """设备角色正确存储"""
+        driver = self._make_driver()
+        assert driver.device_roles["navigator"] == "agv_nav"
+        assert driver.device_roles["arm"] == "agv_arm"
+
+    def test_carrier_without_ros_node(self):
+        """未 post_init 时 carrier 返回 None"""
+        driver = self._make_driver()
+        assert driver.carrier is None
+
+    def test_carrier_with_warehouse(self):
+        """post_init 后 carrier 返回正确的 WareHouse"""
+        driver = self._make_driver()
+        wh = self._make_warehouse()
+
+        # 模拟 ros_node 和 resource_tracker
+        mock_ros_node = MagicMock()
+        mock_ros_node.resource_tracker.resources = [wh]
+        mock_ros_node.device_id = "AGV"
+        driver.post_init(mock_ros_node)
+
+        assert driver.carrier is wh
+        assert isinstance(driver.carrier, WareHouse)
+
+    def test_capacity(self):
+        """容量计算正确"""
+        driver = self._make_driver()
+        wh = self._make_warehouse(nx=2, ny=1, nz=1)
+        mock_ros_node = MagicMock()
+        mock_ros_node.resource_tracker.resources = [wh]
+        mock_ros_node.device_id = "AGV"
+        driver.post_init(mock_ros_node)
+
+        assert driver.capacity == 2
+
+    def test_capacity_multi_layer(self):
+        """多层 Warehouse 容量"""
+        driver = self._make_driver()
+        wh = self._make_warehouse(nx=1, ny=2, nz=3)
+        mock_ros_node = MagicMock()
+        mock_ros_node.resource_tracker.resources = [wh]
+        mock_ros_node.device_id = "AGV"
+        driver.post_init(mock_ros_node)
+
+        assert driver.capacity == 6
+
+    def test_capacity_no_carrier(self):
+        """无 carrier 时容量为 0"""
+        driver = self._make_driver()
+        assert driver.capacity == 0
+
+    def test_free_slots(self):
+        """空载时所有 slot 为空闲"""
+        driver = self._make_driver()
+        wh = self._make_warehouse(nx=2, ny=1, nz=1)
+        mock_ros_node = MagicMock()
+        mock_ros_node.resource_tracker.resources = [wh]
+        mock_ros_node.device_id = "AGV"
+        driver.post_init(mock_ros_node)
+
+        free = driver.free_slots
+        assert len(free) == 2
+
+    def test_occupied_slots_empty(self):
+        """空载时 occupied_slots 为空"""
+        driver = self._make_driver()
+        wh = self._make_warehouse(nx=2, ny=1, nz=1)
+        mock_ros_node = MagicMock()
+        mock_ros_node.resource_tracker.resources = [wh]
+        mock_ros_node.device_id = "AGV"
+        driver.post_init(mock_ros_node)
+
+        assert len(driver.occupied_slots) == 0
+
+    def test_resolve_route(self):
+        """路由查询返回正确的指令"""
+        driver = self._make_driver()
+        route = driver.resolve_route("A", "B")
+        assert route["nav_command"] == '{"target":"LM1"}'
+        assert route["arm_pick"] == "pick.urp"
+
+    def test_resolve_route_not_found(self):
+        """查询不存在的路线时抛出 KeyError"""
+        driver = self._make_driver()
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError, match="路由表"):
+            driver.resolve_route("X", "Y")
+
+    def test_get_device_id(self):
+        """获取子设备 ID"""
+        driver = self._make_driver()
+        assert driver.get_device_id("navigator") == "agv_nav"
+        assert driver.get_device_id("arm") == "agv_arm"
+
+    def test_get_device_id_not_found(self):
+        """获取不存在的角色时抛出 KeyError"""
+        driver = self._make_driver()
+        with pytest.raises(KeyError, match="未配置设备角色"):
+            driver.get_device_id("gripper")