diff --git a/tests/ros/test_joint_state_bridge.py b/tests/ros/test_joint_state_bridge.py
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..8bbf8c3d
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/ros/test_joint_state_bridge.py
@@ -0,0 +1,939 @@
+"""
+P1 关节数据 & 资源跟随桥接测试 — 全面覆盖 HostNode 关节回调 + resource_pose 回调的边缘 case。
+
+不依赖 ROS2 运行时，通过 mock 模拟 msg 和 bridge。
+
+测试分组:
+  E1: JointRepublisher JSON 输出格式 (已修复 str→json.dumps)
+  E2: 关节状态回调 — 从 /joint_states (JointState msg) 直接读取 name/position
+  E3: 资源跟随 (resource_pose) — 夹爪抓取/释放/多资源
+  E4: 联合流程 — 关节 + 资源一并通过 bridge 发送
+  E5: Bridge 调用验证
+  E6: 同类型设备多实例 — 重复关节名场景
+  E7: 吞吐优化 — 死区过滤、抑频、增量 resource_poses
+"""
+
+import json
+import time
+import pytest
+from unittest.mock import MagicMock
+from types import SimpleNamespace
+from typing import Dict, Optional
+
+
+# ==================== 辅助: 模拟 JointState msg ====================
+
+
+def _make_joint_state_msg(names: list, positions: list, velocities=None, efforts=None):
+    """构造模拟的 sensor_msgs/JointState 消息（不依赖 ROS2）"""
+    msg = SimpleNamespace()
+    msg.name = names
+    msg.position = positions
+    msg.velocity = velocities or [0.0] * len(names)
+    msg.effort = efforts or [0.0] * len(names)
+    return msg
+
+
+def _make_string_msg(data: str):
+    """构造模拟的 std_msgs/String 消息"""
+    msg = SimpleNamespace()
+    msg.data = data
+    return msg
+
+
+# ==================== 辅助: 提取 HostNode 核心逻辑用于隔离测试 ====================
+
+
+class JointBridgeSimulator:
+    """
+    模拟 HostNode 的关节桥接核心逻辑（提取自 host_node.py），
+    不依赖 ROS2 Node、subscription 等基础设施。
+
+    包含吞吐优化逻辑:
+    - 死区过滤 (dead band): 关节变化 < 阈值时不发送
+    - 抑频 (throttle): 限制最大发送频率
+    - 增量 resource_poses: 仅在变化时附带
+    """
+
+    JOINT_DEAD_BAND: float = 1e-4
+    JOINT_MIN_INTERVAL: float = 0.05  # 秒
+
+    def __init__(self, device_uuid_map: Dict[str, str],
+                 dead_band: Optional[float] = None,
+                 min_interval: Optional[float] = None):
+        self.device_uuid_map = device_uuid_map
+        self._device_ids_sorted = sorted(device_uuid_map.keys(), key=len, reverse=True)
+        self._resource_poses: Dict[str, str] = {}
+        self._resource_poses_dirty: bool = False
+        self._last_joint_values: Dict[str, float] = {}
+        self._last_send_time: float = -float("inf")  # 确保首条消息总是通过
+        # 允许测试覆盖优化参数
+        if dead_band is not None:
+            self.JOINT_DEAD_BAND = dead_band
+        if min_interval is not None:
+            self.JOINT_MIN_INTERVAL = min_interval
+
+    def resource_pose_callback(self, msg) -> None:
+        """模拟 HostNode._resource_pose_callback（含变化检测）"""
+        try:
+            data = json.loads(msg.data)
+        except (json.JSONDecodeError, ValueError):
+            return
+        if not isinstance(data, dict) or not data:
+            return
+        has_change = False
+        for k, v in data.items():
+            if self._resource_poses.get(k) != v:
+                has_change = True
+                break
+        if has_change:
+            self._resource_poses.update(data)
+            self._resource_poses_dirty = True
+
+    def joint_state_callback(self, msg, now: Optional[float] = None) -> dict:
+        """
+        模拟 HostNode._joint_state_callback 核心逻辑（含优化）。
+        now 参数允许测试控制时间。
+        返回 {device_id: {"node_uuid": ..., "joint_states": {...}, "resource_poses": {...}}}。
+        返回 {} 表示被优化过滤。
+        """
+        names = list(msg.name)
+        positions = list(msg.position)
+        if not names or len(names) != len(positions):
+            return {}
+
+        if now is None:
+            now = time.time()
+        resource_dirty = self._resource_poses_dirty
+
+        # 抑频检查
+        if not resource_dirty and (now - self._last_send_time) < self.JOINT_MIN_INTERVAL:
+            return {}
+
+        # 死区过滤
+        has_significant_change = False
+        for name, pos in zip(names, positions):
+            last_val = self._last_joint_values.get(name)
+            if last_val is None or abs(float(pos) - last_val) >= self.JOINT_DEAD_BAND:
+                has_significant_change = True
+                break
+
+        if not has_significant_change and not resource_dirty:
+            return {}
+
+        # 更新状态
+        for name, pos in zip(names, positions):
+            self._last_joint_values[name] = float(pos)
+        self._last_send_time = now
+
+        # 按设备 ID 分组关节数据
+        device_joints: Dict[str, Dict[str, float]] = {}
+        for name, pos in zip(names, positions):
+            matched_device = None
+            for device_id in self._device_ids_sorted:
+                if name.startswith(device_id + "_"):
+                    matched_device = device_id
+                    break
+            if matched_device:
+                if matched_device not in device_joints:
+                    device_joints[matched_device] = {}
+                device_joints[matched_device][name] = float(pos)
+            elif len(self.device_uuid_map) == 1:
+                fallback_id = self._device_ids_sorted[0]
+                if fallback_id not in device_joints:
+                    device_joints[fallback_id] = {}
+                device_joints[fallback_id][name] = float(pos)
+
+        # 构建设备级 resource_poses（仅 dirty 时附带）
+        device_resource_poses: Dict[str, Dict[str, str]] = {}
+        if resource_dirty:
+            for resource_id, link_name in self._resource_poses.items():
+                matched_device = None
+                for device_id in self._device_ids_sorted:
+                    if link_name.startswith(device_id + "_"):
+                        matched_device = device_id
+                        break
+                if matched_device:
+                    if matched_device not in device_resource_poses:
+                        device_resource_poses[matched_device] = {}
+                    device_resource_poses[matched_device][resource_id] = link_name
+                elif len(self.device_uuid_map) == 1:
+                    fallback_id = self._device_ids_sorted[0]
+                    if fallback_id not in device_resource_poses:
+                        device_resource_poses[fallback_id] = {}
+                    device_resource_poses[fallback_id][resource_id] = link_name
+            self._resource_poses_dirty = False
+
+        result = {}
+        for device_id, joint_states in device_joints.items():
+            node_uuid = self.device_uuid_map.get(device_id)
+            if not node_uuid:
+                continue
+            result[device_id] = {
+                "node_uuid": node_uuid,
+                "joint_states": joint_states,
+                "resource_poses": device_resource_poses.get(device_id, {}),
+            }
+        return result
+
+
+# 功能测试中禁用优化（dead_band=0, min_interval=0），确保逻辑正确性
+def _make_sim(device_uuid_map: Dict[str, str]) -> JointBridgeSimulator:
+    """创建禁用吞吐优化的模拟器（用于功能正确性测试）"""
+    return JointBridgeSimulator(device_uuid_map, dead_band=0.0, min_interval=0.0)
+
+
+# ==================== E1: JointRepublisher JSON 输出 ====================
+
+
+class TestJointRepublisherFormat:
+    """验证 JointRepublisher 输出标准 JSON（双引号）而非 Python repr（单引号）"""
+
+    def test_output_is_valid_json(self):
+        """str() 产生单引号，json.dumps() 产生双引号"""
+        joint_dict = {
+            "name": ["joint1", "joint2"],
+            "position": [0.1, 0.2],
+            "velocity": [0.0, 0.0],
+            "effort": [0.0, 0.0],
+        }
+        result = json.dumps(joint_dict)
+        parsed = json.loads(result)
+        assert parsed["name"] == ["joint1", "joint2"]
+        assert parsed["position"] == [0.1, 0.2]
+        assert "'" not in result
+
+    def test_str_produces_invalid_json(self):
+        """对比: str() 不是合法 JSON"""
+        joint_dict = {"name": ["joint1"], "position": [0.1]}
+        result = str(joint_dict)
+        with pytest.raises(json.JSONDecodeError):
+            json.loads(result)
+
+
+# ==================== E2: 关节状态回调（JointState msg 直接读取）====================
+
+
+class TestJointStateCallback:
+    """测试从 JointState msg 直接读取 name/position 的分组逻辑"""
+
+    def test_single_device_simple(self):
+        """单设备，关节名有设备前缀"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(
+            ["panda_joint1", "panda_joint2"], [0.5, 1.0]
+        )
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert "panda" in result
+        assert result["panda"]["joint_states"]["panda_joint1"] == 0.5
+        assert result["panda"]["joint_states"]["panda_joint2"] == 1.0
+
+    def test_single_device_no_prefix_fallback(self):
+        """单设备，关节名无设备前缀 → 应归入唯一设备"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"robot1": "uuid-r1"})
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["joint_a", "joint_b"], [1.0, 2.0])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert "robot1" in result
+        assert result["robot1"]["joint_states"]["joint_a"] == 1.0
+        assert result["robot1"]["joint_states"]["joint_b"] == 2.0
+
+    def test_multi_device_distinct_prefixes(self):
+        """多设备，不同前缀，正确分组"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"arm1": "uuid-arm1", "arm2": "uuid-arm2"})
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(
+            ["arm1_j1", "arm1_j2", "arm2_j1", "arm2_j2"],
+            [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4],
+        )
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["arm1"]["joint_states"]["arm1_j1"] == 0.1
+        assert result["arm1"]["joint_states"]["arm1_j2"] == 0.2
+        assert result["arm2"]["joint_states"]["arm2_j1"] == 0.3
+        assert result["arm2"]["joint_states"]["arm2_j2"] == 0.4
+
+    def test_ambiguous_prefix_longest_wins(self):
+        """前缀歧义: arm 和 arm_left — 最长前缀优先"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"arm": "uuid-arm", "arm_left": "uuid-arm-left"})
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(
+            ["arm_j1", "arm_left_j1", "arm_left_j2"],
+            [0.1, 0.2, 0.3],
+        )
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["arm"]["joint_states"]["arm_j1"] == 0.1
+        assert result["arm_left"]["joint_states"]["arm_left_j1"] == 0.2
+        assert result["arm_left"]["joint_states"]["arm_left_j2"] == 0.3
+
+    def test_multi_device_unmatched_joints_dropped(self):
+        """多设备时，无法匹配前缀的关节应被丢弃（不 fallback）"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"arm1": "uuid-arm1", "arm2": "uuid-arm2"})
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(
+            ["arm1_j1", "unknown_j1"],
+            [0.1, 0.9],
+        )
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["arm1"]["joint_states"]["arm1_j1"] == 0.1
+        for device_id, data in result.items():
+            assert "unknown_j1" not in data["joint_states"]
+
+    def test_empty_names(self):
+        """空 name 列表"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"dev": "uuid-dev"})
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg([], [])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result == {}
+
+    def test_mismatched_lengths(self):
+        """name 和 position 长度不一致"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"dev": "uuid-dev"})
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["j1", "j2"], [0.1])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result == {}
+
+    def test_no_devices(self):
+        """无设备 UUID 映射"""
+        sim = _make_sim({})
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["j1"], [0.1])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result == {}
+
+    def test_numeric_prefix_device_ids(self):
+        """数字化设备 ID (如 deck1, deck12) — deck12_slot1 不应匹配 deck1"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"deck1": "uuid-d1", "deck12": "uuid-d12"})
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(
+            ["deck1_slot1", "deck12_slot1"],
+            [1.0, 2.0],
+        )
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["deck1"]["joint_states"]["deck1_slot1"] == 1.0
+        assert result["deck12"]["joint_states"]["deck12_slot1"] == 2.0
+
+    def test_position_float_conversion(self):
+        """position 值应强制转为 float（即使输入为 int）"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"arm": "uuid-arm"})
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [1])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["arm"]["joint_states"]["arm_j1"] == 1.0
+        assert isinstance(result["arm"]["joint_states"]["arm_j1"], float)
+
+    def test_node_uuid_in_result(self):
+        """结果中应携带正确的 node_uuid"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda-123"})
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["panda_j1"], [0.5])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["panda"]["node_uuid"] == "uuid-panda-123"
+
+    def test_device_with_no_uuid_skipped(self):
+        """device_uuid_map 中存在映射但值为空 → 跳过"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"arm": ""})
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [0.5])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result == {}
+
+    def test_many_joints_single_device(self):
+        """单设备大量关节（如 7-DOF arm）"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        names = [f"panda_joint{i}" for i in range(1, 8)]
+        positions = [float(i) * 0.1 for i in range(1, 8)]
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(names, positions)
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert len(result["panda"]["joint_states"]) == 7
+        assert result["panda"]["joint_states"]["panda_joint7"] == pytest.approx(0.7)
+
+    def test_duplicate_joint_names_last_wins(self):
+        """同类型设备多个实例时，如果关节名完全重复（bug 场景），后出现的值覆盖前者"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"dev": "uuid-dev"})
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["dev_j1", "dev_j1"], [1.0, 2.0])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["dev"]["joint_states"]["dev_j1"] == 2.0
+
+    def test_negative_positions(self):
+        """关节角度为负数"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"arm": "uuid-arm"})
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1", "arm_j2"], [-1.57, -3.14])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["arm"]["joint_states"]["arm_j1"] == pytest.approx(-1.57)
+        assert result["arm"]["joint_states"]["arm_j2"] == pytest.approx(-3.14)
+
+
+# ==================== E3: 资源跟随 (resource_pose) ====================
+
+
+class TestResourcePoseCallback:
+    """测试 resource_pose 回调 — 夹爪抓取/释放/多资源"""
+
+    def test_single_resource_attach(self):
+        """单个资源挂载到夹爪 link"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        msg = _make_string_msg(json.dumps({"plate_1": "panda_gripper_link"}))
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(msg)
+        assert sim._resource_poses == {"plate_1": "panda_gripper_link"}
+        assert sim._resource_poses_dirty is True
+
+    def test_multiple_resource_attach(self):
+        """多个资源同时挂载到不同 link"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        msg = _make_string_msg(json.dumps({
+            "plate_1": "panda_gripper_link",
+            "tip_rack": "panda_deck_link",
+        }))
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(msg)
+        assert sim._resource_poses["plate_1"] == "panda_gripper_link"
+        assert sim._resource_poses["tip_rack"] == "panda_deck_link"
+
+    def test_incremental_update(self):
+        """增量更新：新消息合并到已有状态"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({"plate_1": "panda_deck_link"})))
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({"plate_2": "panda_gripper_link"})))
+        assert len(sim._resource_poses) == 2
+        assert sim._resource_poses["plate_1"] == "panda_deck_link"
+        assert sim._resource_poses["plate_2"] == "panda_gripper_link"
+
+    def test_resource_reattach(self):
+        """资源从 deck 移动到 gripper（抓取操作）"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({"plate_1": "panda_deck_link"})))
+        assert sim._resource_poses["plate_1"] == "panda_deck_link"
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({"plate_1": "panda_gripper_link"})))
+        assert sim._resource_poses["plate_1"] == "panda_gripper_link"
+
+    def test_resource_release_back_to_world(self):
+        """释放资源回到 world"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({"plate_1": "panda_gripper_link"})))
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({"plate_1": "world"})))
+        assert sim._resource_poses["plate_1"] == "world"
+
+    def test_empty_dict_heartbeat_no_dirty(self):
+        """空 dict（心跳包）不标记 dirty"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({"plate_1": "panda_link"})))
+        sim._resource_poses_dirty = False  # 重置
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({})))
+        assert sim._resource_poses_dirty is False  # 空 dict 不应标记 dirty
+
+    def test_same_value_no_dirty(self):
+        """重复发送相同值不应标记 dirty"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({"plate_1": "panda_link"})))
+        sim._resource_poses_dirty = False
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({"plate_1": "panda_link"})))
+        assert sim._resource_poses_dirty is False
+
+    def test_invalid_json_ignored(self):
+        """非法 JSON 消息不影响状态"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({"plate_1": "panda_link"})))
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg("not valid json {{{"))
+        assert sim._resource_poses["plate_1"] == "panda_link"
+
+    def test_non_dict_json_ignored(self):
+        """JSON 但不是 dict（如 list）应被忽略"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps(["not", "a", "dict"])))
+        assert sim._resource_poses == {}
+
+    def test_python_repr_ignored(self):
+        """Python repr 格式（单引号）应被忽略"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg("{'plate_1': 'panda_link'}"))
+        assert sim._resource_poses == {}
+
+    def test_multi_device_resource_attach(self):
+        """多设备场景：不同设备的 link 挂载不同资源"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"arm1": "uuid-arm1", "arm2": "uuid-arm2"})
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({
+            "plate_A": "arm1_gripper_link",
+            "plate_B": "arm2_gripper_link",
+        })))
+        assert sim._resource_poses["plate_A"] == "arm1_gripper_link"
+        assert sim._resource_poses["plate_B"] == "arm2_gripper_link"
+
+
+# ==================== E4: 联合流程 — 关节 + 资源一并通过 bridge ====================
+
+
+class TestJointWithResourcePoses:
+    """测试关节状态回调时，resource_poses 被正确按设备分组并包含在结果中"""
+
+    def test_single_device_joint_with_resource(self):
+        """单设备：关节更新时携带已挂载的资源"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({
+            "plate_1": "panda_gripper_link",
+        })))
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["panda_j1", "panda_j2"], [0.5, 1.0])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["panda"]["resource_poses"] == {"plate_1": "panda_gripper_link"}
+
+    def test_single_device_no_resource(self):
+        """单设备：无资源挂载时 resource_poses 为空 dict"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["panda_j1"], [0.5])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["panda"]["resource_poses"] == {}
+
+    def test_multi_device_resource_routing(self):
+        """多设备：资源按 link 前缀路由到正确设备"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"arm1": "uuid-arm1", "arm2": "uuid-arm2"})
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({
+            "plate_A": "arm1_gripper_link",
+            "plate_B": "arm2_gripper_link",
+            "tube_1": "arm1_tool_link",
+        })))
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(
+            ["arm1_j1", "arm2_j1"],
+            [0.1, 0.2],
+        )
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["arm1"]["resource_poses"] == {
+            "plate_A": "arm1_gripper_link",
+            "tube_1": "arm1_tool_link",
+        }
+        assert result["arm2"]["resource_poses"] == {"plate_B": "arm2_gripper_link"}
+
+    def test_resource_on_world_frame_not_routed(self):
+        """资源挂在 world frame（已释放）— 多设备时无法匹配任何设备前缀"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"arm1": "uuid-arm1", "arm2": "uuid-arm2"})
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({
+            "plate_A": "world",
+        })))
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm1_j1"], [0.1])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["arm1"]["resource_poses"] == {}
+
+    def test_resource_world_frame_single_device_fallback(self):
+        """单设备时 world frame 的资源走 fallback"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({
+            "plate_A": "world",
+        })))
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["panda_j1"], [0.1])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["panda"]["resource_poses"] == {"plate_A": "world"}
+
+    def test_grab_and_move_sequence(self):
+        """完整夹取序列: 资源在 deck → gripper 抓取 → arm 移动 → 放下"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+
+        # 初始: plate 在 deck
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({
+            "plate_1": "panda_deck_third_link",
+        })))
+
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(
+            ["panda_j1", "panda_j2", "panda_j3"],
+            [0.0, -0.5, 1.0],
+        )
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["panda"]["resource_poses"]["plate_1"] == "panda_deck_third_link"
+
+        # 抓取: plate 从 deck → gripper
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({
+            "plate_1": "panda_gripper_link",
+        })))
+
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(
+            ["panda_j1", "panda_j2", "panda_j3"],
+            [1.57, 0.0, -0.5],
+        )
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["panda"]["resource_poses"]["plate_1"] == "panda_gripper_link"
+        assert result["panda"]["joint_states"]["panda_j1"] == pytest.approx(1.57)
+
+        # 放下: plate 从 gripper → 目标 deck
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({
+            "plate_1": "panda_deck_first_link",
+        })))
+
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(
+            ["panda_j1", "panda_j2", "panda_j3"],
+            [0.0, 0.0, 0.0],
+        )
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["panda"]["resource_poses"]["plate_1"] == "panda_deck_first_link"
+
+    def test_simultaneous_grab_multiple_resources(self):
+        """同时持有多个资源（如双夹爪）"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({
+            "plate_1": "panda_left_gripper",
+            "plate_2": "panda_right_gripper",
+            "tip_rack": "panda_deck_link",
+        })))
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["panda_j1"], [0.5])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert len(result["panda"]["resource_poses"]) == 3
+
+    def test_resource_with_ambiguous_link_prefix(self):
+        """link 前缀歧义: arm_left_gripper 应匹配 arm_left 而非 arm"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"arm": "uuid-arm", "arm_left": "uuid-arm-left"})
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({
+            "plate_A": "arm_gripper_link",
+            "plate_B": "arm_left_gripper_link",
+        })))
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(
+            ["arm_j1", "arm_left_j1"],
+            [0.1, 0.2],
+        )
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["arm"]["resource_poses"] == {"plate_A": "arm_gripper_link"}
+        assert result["arm_left"]["resource_poses"] == {"plate_B": "arm_left_gripper_link"}
+
+
+# ==================== E5: Bridge 调用验证 ====================
+
+
+class TestBridgeCalls:
+    """验证完整桥接流: callback → bridge.publish_joint_state 调用"""
+
+    def test_bridge_called_per_device(self):
+        """每个设备调用一次 publish_joint_state"""
+        device_uuid_map = {"arm1": "uuid-111", "arm2": "uuid-222"}
+        sim = _make_sim(device_uuid_map)
+        bridge = MagicMock()
+        bridge.publish_joint_state = MagicMock()
+
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(
+            ["arm1_j1", "arm2_j1"],
+            [1.0, 2.0],
+        )
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+
+        for device_id, data in result.items():
+            bridge.publish_joint_state(
+                data["node_uuid"], data["joint_states"], data["resource_poses"]
+            )
+
+        assert bridge.publish_joint_state.call_count == 2
+        call_uuids = {c[0][0] for c in bridge.publish_joint_state.call_args_list}
+        assert call_uuids == {"uuid-111", "uuid-222"}
+
+    def test_bridge_called_with_resource_poses(self):
+        """bridge 调用时携带 resource_poses"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({
+            "plate_1": "panda_gripper_link",
+        })))
+
+        bridge = MagicMock()
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["panda_j1"], [0.5])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+
+        for device_id, data in result.items():
+            bridge.publish_joint_state(
+                data["node_uuid"], data["joint_states"], data["resource_poses"]
+            )
+
+        bridge.publish_joint_state.assert_called_once_with(
+            "uuid-panda",
+            {"panda_j1": 0.5},
+            {"plate_1": "panda_gripper_link"},
+        )
+
+    def test_bridge_no_call_for_empty_joints(self):
+        """无关节数据时不调用 bridge"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        bridge = MagicMock()
+
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg([], [])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+
+        for device_id, data in result.items():
+            bridge.publish_joint_state(
+                data["node_uuid"], data["joint_states"], data["resource_poses"]
+            )
+
+        bridge.publish_joint_state.assert_not_called()
+
+    def test_bridge_resource_poses_empty_when_no_resources(self):
+        """无资源挂载时，resource_poses 参数为空 dict"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        bridge = MagicMock()
+
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["panda_j1"], [0.5])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+
+        for device_id, data in result.items():
+            bridge.publish_joint_state(
+                data["node_uuid"], data["joint_states"], data["resource_poses"]
+            )
+
+        bridge.publish_joint_state.assert_called_once_with(
+            "uuid-panda",
+            {"panda_j1": 0.5},
+            {},
+        )
+
+    def test_multi_bridge_all_called(self):
+        """多个 bridge 都应被调用"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"arm": "uuid-arm"})
+        bridges = [MagicMock(), MagicMock()]
+
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [0.5])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+
+        for device_id, data in result.items():
+            for bridge in bridges:
+                bridge.publish_joint_state(
+                    data["node_uuid"], data["joint_states"], data["resource_poses"]
+                )
+
+        for bridge in bridges:
+            bridge.publish_joint_state.assert_called_once()
+
+
+# ==================== E6: 同类型设备多个实例 — 重复关节名场景 ====================
+
+
+class TestDuplicateDeviceTypes:
+    """
+    多个同类型设备（如 2 个 OT-2 移液器），关节名格式为 {device_id}_{joint_name}。
+    设备 ID 不同（如 ot2_left, ot2_right），但底层关节名相同（如 pipette_j1）。
+    """
+
+    def test_same_type_different_id(self):
+        """同类型设备不同 ID"""
+        sim = _make_sim({
+            "ot2_left": "uuid-ot2-left",
+            "ot2_right": "uuid-ot2-right",
+        })
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(
+            ["ot2_left_pipette_j1", "ot2_left_pipette_j2",
+             "ot2_right_pipette_j1", "ot2_right_pipette_j2"],
+            [0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4],
+        )
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["ot2_left"]["joint_states"]["ot2_left_pipette_j1"] == 0.1
+        assert result["ot2_left"]["joint_states"]["ot2_left_pipette_j2"] == 0.2
+        assert result["ot2_right"]["joint_states"]["ot2_right_pipette_j1"] == 0.3
+        assert result["ot2_right"]["joint_states"]["ot2_right_pipette_j2"] == 0.4
+
+    def test_same_type_with_resources_routed_correctly(self):
+        """同类型设备各自抓取资源，按 link 前缀正确路由"""
+        sim = _make_sim({
+            "ot2_left": "uuid-ot2-left",
+            "ot2_right": "uuid-ot2-right",
+        })
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({
+            "plate_A": "ot2_left_gripper",
+            "plate_B": "ot2_right_gripper",
+        })))
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(
+            ["ot2_left_j1", "ot2_right_j1"],
+            [0.5, 0.6],
+        )
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["ot2_left"]["resource_poses"] == {"plate_A": "ot2_left_gripper"}
+        assert result["ot2_right"]["resource_poses"] == {"plate_B": "ot2_right_gripper"}
+
+    def test_numbered_devices_no_confusion(self):
+        """编号设备: robot1 不应匹配 robot10 的关节"""
+        sim = _make_sim({
+            "robot1": "uuid-r1",
+            "robot10": "uuid-r10",
+        })
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(
+            ["robot1_j1", "robot10_j1"],
+            [1.0, 10.0],
+        )
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert result["robot1"]["joint_states"]["robot1_j1"] == 1.0
+        assert result["robot10"]["joint_states"]["robot10_j1"] == 10.0
+
+    def test_three_same_type_devices(self):
+        """三个同类型设备"""
+        sim = _make_sim({
+            "pump_a": "uuid-pa",
+            "pump_b": "uuid-pb",
+            "pump_c": "uuid-pc",
+        })
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(
+            ["pump_a_flow", "pump_b_flow", "pump_c_flow",
+             "pump_a_pressure", "pump_b_pressure"],
+            [1.0, 2.0, 3.0, 0.1, 0.2],
+        )
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert len(result["pump_a"]["joint_states"]) == 2
+        assert len(result["pump_b"]["joint_states"]) == 2
+        assert len(result["pump_c"]["joint_states"]) == 1
+
+
+# ==================== E7: 吞吐优化测试 ====================
+
+
+class TestThroughputOptimizations:
+    """测试死区过滤、抑频、增量 resource_poses 等优化行为"""
+
+    # --- 死区过滤 (Dead Band) ---
+
+    def test_dead_band_filters_tiny_change(self):
+        """关节变化小于死区阈值 → 被过滤"""
+        sim = JointBridgeSimulator({"arm": "uuid-arm"}, dead_band=0.01, min_interval=0.0)
+        msg1 = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [1.0])
+        result1 = sim.joint_state_callback(msg1, now=0.0)
+        assert "arm" in result1
+
+        # 微小变化 (0.001 < 0.01 死区)
+        msg2 = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [1.001])
+        result2 = sim.joint_state_callback(msg2, now=1.0)
+        assert result2 == {}
+
+    def test_dead_band_passes_significant_change(self):
+        """关节变化大于死区阈值 → 通过"""
+        sim = JointBridgeSimulator({"arm": "uuid-arm"}, dead_band=0.01, min_interval=0.0)
+        msg1 = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [1.0])
+        sim.joint_state_callback(msg1, now=0.0)
+
+        msg2 = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [1.05])
+        result2 = sim.joint_state_callback(msg2, now=1.0)
+        assert "arm" in result2
+        assert result2["arm"]["joint_states"]["arm_j1"] == pytest.approx(1.05)
+
+    def test_dead_band_first_message_always_passes(self):
+        """首次消息总是通过（无历史值）"""
+        sim = JointBridgeSimulator({"arm": "uuid-arm"}, dead_band=1000.0, min_interval=0.0)
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [0.001])
+        result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg, now=0.0)
+        assert "arm" in result
+
+    def test_dead_band_any_joint_change_triggers(self):
+        """多关节中只要有一个超过死区就全部发送"""
+        sim = JointBridgeSimulator({"arm": "uuid-arm"}, dead_band=0.01, min_interval=0.0)
+        msg1 = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1", "arm_j2"], [1.0, 2.0])
+        sim.joint_state_callback(msg1, now=0.0)
+
+        # j1 微变化，j2 大变化
+        msg2 = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1", "arm_j2"], [1.001, 2.5])
+        result2 = sim.joint_state_callback(msg2, now=1.0)
+        assert "arm" in result2
+        # 两个关节的值都应包含在结果中
+        assert result2["arm"]["joint_states"]["arm_j1"] == pytest.approx(1.001)
+        assert result2["arm"]["joint_states"]["arm_j2"] == pytest.approx(2.5)
+
+    # --- 抑频 (Throttle) ---
+
+    def test_throttle_filters_rapid_messages(self):
+        """发送间隔内的消息被过滤"""
+        sim = JointBridgeSimulator({"arm": "uuid-arm"}, dead_band=0.0, min_interval=0.1)
+        msg1 = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [1.0])
+        result1 = sim.joint_state_callback(msg1, now=0.0)
+        assert "arm" in result1
+
+        # 0.05s < 0.1s 间隔
+        msg2 = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [2.0])
+        result2 = sim.joint_state_callback(msg2, now=0.05)
+        assert result2 == {}
+
+    def test_throttle_passes_after_interval(self):
+        """超过发送间隔后消息通过"""
+        sim = JointBridgeSimulator({"arm": "uuid-arm"}, dead_band=0.0, min_interval=0.1)
+        msg1 = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [1.0])
+        sim.joint_state_callback(msg1, now=0.0)
+
+        msg2 = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [2.0])
+        result2 = sim.joint_state_callback(msg2, now=0.15)
+        assert "arm" in result2
+
+    def test_throttle_bypassed_by_resource_change(self):
+        """resource_pose 变化时忽略抑频限制"""
+        sim = JointBridgeSimulator({"arm": "uuid-arm"}, dead_band=0.0, min_interval=1.0)
+        msg1 = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [1.0])
+        sim.joint_state_callback(msg1, now=0.0)
+
+        # 资源变化 → 强制发送
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({"plate": "arm_gripper"})))
+        msg2 = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [1.0])
+        result2 = sim.joint_state_callback(msg2, now=0.01)  # 远小于 1.0 间隔
+        assert "arm" in result2
+        assert result2["arm"]["resource_poses"] == {"plate": "arm_gripper"}
+
+    # --- 增量 resource_poses ---
+
+    def test_resource_poses_only_sent_when_dirty(self):
+        """resource_poses 仅在 dirty 时附带，否则为空"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({"plate": "panda_gripper"})))
+
+        # 第一次发送：dirty → 携带 resource_poses
+        msg1 = _make_joint_state_msg(["panda_j1"], [0.5])
+        result1 = sim.joint_state_callback(msg1)
+        assert result1["panda"]["resource_poses"] == {"plate": "panda_gripper"}
+
+        # dirty 已清除
+        assert sim._resource_poses_dirty is False
+
+        # 第二次发送：not dirty → resource_poses 为空
+        msg2 = _make_joint_state_msg(["panda_j1"], [1.0])
+        result2 = sim.joint_state_callback(msg2)
+        assert result2["panda"]["resource_poses"] == {}
+
+    def test_resource_change_resets_dirty_after_send(self):
+        """dirty 在发送后被重置，再次 resource_pose 变化后重新标记"""
+        sim = _make_sim({"panda": "uuid-panda"})
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({"plate": "panda_deck"})))
+
+        msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["panda_j1"], [0.5])
+        sim.joint_state_callback(msg)
+        assert sim._resource_poses_dirty is False
+
+        # 再次资源变化
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({"plate": "panda_gripper"})))
+        assert sim._resource_poses_dirty is True
+
+        msg2 = _make_joint_state_msg(["panda_j1"], [1.0])
+        result2 = sim.joint_state_callback(msg2)
+        assert result2["panda"]["resource_poses"] == {"plate": "panda_gripper"}
+
+    # --- 组合场景 ---
+
+    def test_dead_band_bypassed_by_resource_dirty(self):
+        """关节无变化但 resource_pose 有变化 → 仍然发送"""
+        sim = JointBridgeSimulator({"arm": "uuid-arm"}, dead_band=0.01, min_interval=0.0)
+        msg1 = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [1.0])
+        sim.joint_state_callback(msg1, now=0.0)
+
+        sim.resource_pose_callback(_make_string_msg(json.dumps({"plate": "arm_gripper"})))
+        # 关节值完全不变
+        msg2 = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [1.0])
+        result2 = sim.joint_state_callback(msg2, now=1.0)
+        assert "arm" in result2
+        assert result2["arm"]["resource_poses"] == {"plate": "arm_gripper"}
+
+    def test_high_frequency_stream_only_significant_pass(self):
+        """模拟高频流: 只有显著变化的消息通过"""
+        sim = JointBridgeSimulator({"arm": "uuid-arm"}, dead_band=0.01, min_interval=0.0)
+        t = 0.0
+        passed_count = 0
+
+        # 100 条消息，每条微小递增 0.001
+        for i in range(100):
+            t += 0.1
+            val = 1.0 + i * 0.001
+            msg = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [val])
+            result = sim.joint_state_callback(msg, now=t)
+            if result:
+                passed_count += 1
+
+        # 首次总通过 + 每 10 条左右（累计 0.01 变化）通过一次
+        assert passed_count < 20  # 远少于 100
+        assert passed_count >= 5  # 但不应为 0
+
+    def test_throttle_and_dead_band_combined(self):
+        """同时受抑频和死区影响"""
+        sim = JointBridgeSimulator({"arm": "uuid-arm"}, dead_band=0.01, min_interval=0.5)
+
+        # 首条通过
+        msg1 = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [1.0])
+        assert sim.joint_state_callback(msg1, now=0.0) != {}
+
+        # 时间不够 + 变化不够 → 过滤
+        msg2 = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [1.001])
+        assert sim.joint_state_callback(msg2, now=0.1) == {}
+
+        # 时间够但变化不够 → 过滤
+        msg3 = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [1.002])
+        assert sim.joint_state_callback(msg3, now=1.0) == {}
+
+        # 时间够且变化够 → 通过
+        msg4 = _make_joint_state_msg(["arm_j1"], [1.05])
+        assert sim.joint_state_callback(msg4, now=1.5) != {}
diff --git a/unilabos/app/communication.py b/unilabos/app/communication.py
index 700065dc..5a598705 100644
--- a/unilabos/app/communication.py
+++ b/unilabos/app/communication.py
@@ -50,6 +50,17 @@ class BaseCommunicationClient(ABC):
         """
         pass
 
+    def publish_joint_state(self, node_uuid: str, joint_states: dict, resource_poses: dict = None) -> None:
+        """
+        发布高频关节状态数据（push_joint_state action，不写 DB）
+
+        Args:
+            node_uuid: 设备节点的云端 UUID
+            joint_states: 关节名 → 角度/位置 的映射
+            resource_poses: 物料附着映射（可选）
+        """
+        pass
+
     @abstractmethod
     def publish_job_status(
         self, feedback_data: dict, job_id: str, status: str, return_info: Optional[dict] = None
diff --git a/unilabos/app/ws_client.py b/unilabos/app/ws_client.py
index cbbb58ef..fc8cd005 100644
--- a/unilabos/app/ws_client.py
+++ b/unilabos/app/ws_client.py
@@ -1434,6 +1434,21 @@ class WebSocketClient(BaseCommunicationClient):
         self.message_processor.send_message(message)
         # logger.trace(f"[WebSocketClient] Device status published: {device_id}.{property_name}")
 
+    def publish_joint_state(self, node_uuid: str, joint_states: dict, resource_poses: dict = None) -> None:
+        """发布高频关节状态（push_joint_state，不写 DB）"""
+        if self.is_disabled or not self.is_connected():
+            return
+
+        message = {
+            "action": "push_joint_state",
+            "data": {
+                "node_uuid": node_uuid,
+                "joint_states": joint_states or {},
+                "resource_poses": resource_poses or {},
+            },
+        }
+        self.message_processor.send_message(message)
+
     def publish_job_status(
         self, feedback_data: dict, item: QueueItem, status: str, return_info: Optional[dict] = None
     ) -> None:
diff --git a/unilabos/ros/nodes/presets/host_node.py b/unilabos/ros/nodes/presets/host_node.py
index eb139f1f..9ac7040a 100644
--- a/unilabos/ros/nodes/presets/host_node.py
+++ b/unilabos/ros/nodes/presets/host_node.py
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@ from typing import TYPE_CHECKING, Optional, Dict, Any, List, ClassVar, Set, Unio
 
 from action_msgs.msg import GoalStatus
 from geometry_msgs.msg import Point
+from sensor_msgs.msg import JointState as JointStateMsg
 from rclpy.action import ActionClient, get_action_server_names_and_types_by_node
 from rclpy.service import Service
 from typing_extensions import TypedDict
@@ -348,6 +349,10 @@ class HostNode(BaseROS2DeviceNode):
             else:
                 self.lab_logger().warning(f"[Host Node] Device {device_id} already existed, skipping.")
         self.update_device_status_subscriptions()
+
+        # 订阅 joint_state_repub topic，桥接关节数据到云端
+        self._init_joint_state_bridge()
+
         # TODO: 需要验证 初始化所有控制器节点
         if controllers_config:
             update_rate = controllers_config["controller_manager"]["ros__parameters"]["update_rate"]
@@ -782,6 +787,179 @@ class HostNode(BaseROS2DeviceNode):
                         else:
                             self.lab_logger().trace(f"Status updated: {device_id}.{property_name} = {msg.data}")
 
+    """关节数据 & 资源跟随桥接"""
+
+    # 吞吐优化参数
+    _JOINT_DEAD_BAND: float = 1e-4        # 关节角度变化小于此值视为无变化
+    _JOINT_MIN_INTERVAL: float = 0.05      # 最小发送间隔 (秒)，限制到 ~20Hz
+
+    def _init_joint_state_bridge(self):
+        """
+        订阅 /joint_states (sensor_msgs/JointState) 和 resource_pose (String)，
+        构建 device_id → uuid 映射，并维护 resource_poses 状态。
+
+        吞吐优化:
+        - 死区过滤 (dead band): 关节角度变化 < 阈值时不发送
+        - 抑频 (throttle): 限制最大发送频率，避免 ROS2 1kHz 打满 WS
+        - 增量 resource_poses: 仅在 resource_pose 实际变化时才附带发送
+        """
+        # 构建 device_id → cloud_uuid 映射（从 devices_config 中获取）
+        self._device_uuid_map: Dict[str, str] = {}
+        for tree in self.devices_config.trees:
+            node = tree.root_node
+            if node.res_content.type == "device" and node.res_content.uuid:
+                self._device_uuid_map[node.res_content.id] = node.res_content.uuid
+
+        # 按 device_id 长度降序排列，最长前缀优先匹配（避免 arm 抢先匹配 arm_left_j1）
+        self._device_ids_sorted = sorted(self._device_uuid_map.keys(), key=len, reverse=True)
+
+        # 资源挂载状态：{resource_id: parent_link_name}
+        self._resource_poses: Dict[str, str] = {}
+        # resource_pose 变化标志，仅在真正变化时随关节数据发送
+        self._resource_poses_dirty: bool = False
+
+        # 吞吐优化状态
+        self._last_joint_values: Dict[str, float] = {}   # 上次发送的关节值（全局）
+        self._last_send_time: float = -float("inf")       # 上次发送时间戳（初始为-inf确保首条通过）
+        self._last_sent_resource_poses: Dict[str, str] = {}  # 上次发送的 resource_poses 快照
+
+        if not self._device_uuid_map:
+            self.lab_logger().debug("[Host Node] 无设备 UUID 映射，跳过关节桥接")
+            return
+
+        # 直接订阅 /joint_states（sensor_msgs/JointState），无需经过 JointRepublisher
+        self.create_subscription(
+            JointStateMsg,
+            "/joint_states",
+            self._joint_state_callback,
+            10,
+            callback_group=self.callback_group,
+        )
+
+        # 订阅 resource_pose（资源挂载变化，由 ResourceMeshManager 发布）
+        from std_msgs.msg import String as StdString
+        self.create_subscription(
+            StdString,
+            "resource_pose",
+            self._resource_pose_callback,
+            10,
+            callback_group=self.callback_group,
+        )
+
+        self.lab_logger().info(
+            f"[Host Node] 已订阅 /joint_states 和 resource_pose，设备映射: {list(self._device_uuid_map.keys())}"
+        )
+
+    def _resource_pose_callback(self, msg):
+        """
+        接收 ResourceMeshManager 发布的资源挂载变更。
+
+        msg.data 格式: JSON dict，如 {"tip_rack_A1": "gripper_link", "plate_1": "deck_link"}
+        空 dict {} 表示无变化（心跳包）。
+        """
+        try:
+            data = json.loads(msg.data)
+        except (json.JSONDecodeError, ValueError):
+            return
+        if not isinstance(data, dict) or not data:
+            return
+        # 检测实际变化
+        has_change = False
+        for k, v in data.items():
+            if self._resource_poses.get(k) != v:
+                has_change = True
+                break
+        if has_change:
+            self._resource_poses.update(data)
+            self._resource_poses_dirty = True
+
+    def _joint_state_callback(self, msg: JointStateMsg):
+        """
+        直接接收 /joint_states (sensor_msgs/JointState)，按设备分组后通过 bridge 发送到云端。
+
+        吞吐优化:
+        1. 抑频: 距上次发送 < _JOINT_MIN_INTERVAL 则跳过（除非有 resource_pose 变化）
+        2. 死区: 所有关节角度变化 < _JOINT_DEAD_BAND 则跳过（除非有 resource_pose 变化）
+        3. 增量 resource_poses: 仅在 dirty 时附带，否则发空 dict
+        """
+        names = list(msg.name)
+        positions = list(msg.position)
+        if not names or len(names) != len(positions):
+            return
+
+        now = time.time()
+        resource_dirty = self._resource_poses_dirty
+
+        # 抑频检查：resource_pose 变化时强制发送
+        if not resource_dirty and (now - self._last_send_time) < self._JOINT_MIN_INTERVAL:
+            return
+
+        # 死区过滤：检测是否有关节值实质变化
+        has_significant_change = False
+        for name, pos in zip(names, positions):
+            last_val = self._last_joint_values.get(name)
+            if last_val is None or abs(float(pos) - last_val) >= self._JOINT_DEAD_BAND:
+                has_significant_change = True
+                break
+
+        # 无关节变化且无资源变化 → 跳过
+        if not has_significant_change and not resource_dirty:
+            return
+
+        # 更新上次发送的关节值
+        for name, pos in zip(names, positions):
+            self._last_joint_values[name] = float(pos)
+        self._last_send_time = now
+
+        # 按设备 ID 分组关节数据（最长前缀优先匹配）
+        device_joints: Dict[str, Dict[str, float]] = {}
+        for name, pos in zip(names, positions):
+            matched_device = None
+            for device_id in self._device_ids_sorted:
+                if name.startswith(device_id + "_"):
+                    matched_device = device_id
+                    break
+
+            if matched_device:
+                if matched_device not in device_joints:
+                    device_joints[matched_device] = {}
+                device_joints[matched_device][name] = float(pos)
+            elif len(self._device_uuid_map) == 1:
+                fallback_id = self._device_ids_sorted[0]
+                if fallback_id not in device_joints:
+                    device_joints[fallback_id] = {}
+                device_joints[fallback_id][name] = float(pos)
+
+        # 构建设备级 resource_poses（仅在 dirty 时附带实际数据）
+        device_resource_poses: Dict[str, Dict[str, str]] = {}
+        if resource_dirty:
+            for resource_id, link_name in self._resource_poses.items():
+                matched_device = None
+                for device_id in self._device_ids_sorted:
+                    if link_name.startswith(device_id + "_"):
+                        matched_device = device_id
+                        break
+                if matched_device:
+                    if matched_device not in device_resource_poses:
+                        device_resource_poses[matched_device] = {}
+                    device_resource_poses[matched_device][resource_id] = link_name
+                elif len(self._device_uuid_map) == 1:
+                    fallback_id = self._device_ids_sorted[0]
+                    if fallback_id not in device_resource_poses:
+                        device_resource_poses[fallback_id] = {}
+                    device_resource_poses[fallback_id][resource_id] = link_name
+            self._resource_poses_dirty = False
+
+        # 通过 bridge 发送 push_joint_state（含 resource_poses）
+        for device_id, joint_states in device_joints.items():
+            node_uuid = self._device_uuid_map.get(device_id)
+            if not node_uuid:
+                continue
+            resource_poses = device_resource_poses.get(device_id, {})
+            for bridge in self.bridges:
+                if hasattr(bridge, "publish_joint_state"):
+                    bridge.publish_joint_state(node_uuid, joint_states, resource_poses)
+
     def send_goal(
         self,
         item: "QueueItem",
diff --git a/unilabos/ros/nodes/presets/joint_republisher.py b/unilabos/ros/nodes/presets/joint_republisher.py
index b8290377..2fbbd641 100644
--- a/unilabos/ros/nodes/presets/joint_republisher.py
+++ b/unilabos/ros/nodes/presets/joint_republisher.py
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ class JointRepublisher(BaseROS2DeviceNode):
             json_dict["velocity"]       = list(msg.velocity)
             json_dict["effort"]         = list(msg.effort)
 
-            self.msg.data = str(json_dict)
+            self.msg.data = json.dumps(json_dict)
             self.joint_repub.publish(self.msg)
             # print('-'*20)
             # print(self.msg.data)